Preparation of lignite-based porous carbon/CoNi2S4 composite materials and their capacitance performance
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摘要: 以宝清褐煤为原料，使用KOH溶液萃取、活化后制得煤基多孔炭，并利用简单的水热法将褐煤基多孔碳与CoNi2S4复合，制备复合电容电极材料。考察了不同碳添加量对褐煤基多孔碳/CoNi2S4复合材料电化学性能的影响，结果表明，碳添加量过高或过低都不利于复合材料比电容的提升，而碳添加量为37%的褐煤基多孔碳/CoNi2S4复合材料具有较高的比电容和良好的循环性能，该复合电极在4 A/g电流密度下，比电容达到1318.2 F/g，在4000次充放电循环后电容保持率为80.9%。Abstract: A lignite-based porous carbon was prepared by KOH solution extraction and subsequently by an activation of the extractant with Baoqing lignite as the raw material, and the composite capacitive materials combining the porous carbon with CoNi2S4 were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. The effect of different carbon material ratios on the electrochemical performance of lignite-based porous carbon/CoNi2S4 composites was investigated. The results indicate that too high or too low carbon content is not conducive to an improvement in the specific capacitance of the composites, while the lignite-based porous carbon/CoNi2S4 composites with 37% of carbon have higher specific capacitance and better cycling performance. The specific capacitance of the composites is as high as 1318.2 F/g at a current density of 4 A/g, and the capacitance retention is 80.9% after 4000 cycles.
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Key words:
- lignite /
- porous carbon /
- CoNi2S4 /
- supercapacitors
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图 2 PC/ CoNi2S4-6的XPS谱图
Figure 2 XPS spectra of PC/ CoNi2S4-6
(a): survey spectrum; (b): S 2p; (c): Ni 2p; (d): Co 2p
图 3 PC和PC/CoNi2S4-6的SEM照片
Figure 3 SEM images of PC and PC/CoNi2S4-6
(a): PC; (b): PC/CoNi2S4-6
图 4 CoNi2S4、PC/CoNi2S4-2、PC/CoNi2S4-4、PC/CoNi2S4-6和PC/CoNi2S4-8的CV曲线图
Figure 4 CV curves of CoNi2S4, PC/CoNi2S4-2, PC/CoNi2S4-4, PC/CoNi2S4-6 and PC/CoNi2S4-8
图 6 CoNi2S4（a）、PC/CoNi2S4-2（b）、PC/CoNi2S4-4（c）、PC/CoNi2S4-6（d）和PC/CoNi2S4-8（e）在不同电流密度下的GCD曲线图；CoNi2S4、PC/CoNi2S4-2、PC/CoNi2S4-4、PC/CoNi2S4-6、PC/CoNi2S4-8的倍率性能图（f）
Figure 6 GCD curves of CoNi2S4 (a) , PC/CoNi2S4-2 (b), PC/CoNi2S4-4 (c), PC/CoNi2S4-6 (d) and PC/CoNi2S4-8 (e) at various current densities; Specific capacitances of CoNi2S4, PC/CoNi2S4-2, PC/CoNi2S4-4, PC/CoNi2S4-6, PC/CoNi2S4-8 at various current densities (f)
图 7 (a) CoNi2S4、PC/CoNi2S4-2、PC/CoNi2S4-4、PC/CoNi2S4-6和PC/CoNi2S4-8的能奎斯特图；(b) 等效电路图及拟合结果
Figure 7 (a) Nyquist plots of CoNi2S4, PC/CoNi2S4-2, PC/CoNi2S4-4, PC/CoNi2S4-6, PC/CoNi2S4-8; (b) the equivalent circuit and kinetic parameters
图 8 PC/CoNi2S4-6在4 A/g电流密度下的循环性能图，插图为PC/CoNi2S4-6连续10次循环充放电的GCD曲线
Figure 8 Cycling performance of PC/CoNi2S4-6 at a current density of 4 A/g, the insert shows the GCD curves of PC/CoNi2S4-6 for 10 consecutive cycles
表 1 宝清褐煤的工业分析和元素分析
Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analyses of Baoqing lignite
Proximate analysis w/% Ultimate analysis w/% Mad Ad Vdaf FCdaf Cdaf Ndaf Hdaf ${\rm{O}}_{{\rm{daf}}}^{\rm{*}} $ St，daf 10.3 29.63 63.62 36.38 60.47 0.58 5.80 32.36 0.79 *：by difference 
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