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高温煤焦油增韧酚醛泡沫的制备及性能表征

程锦远 李占库 闫洪雷 雷智平 颜井冲 任世彪 王知彩 康士刚 水恒福

程锦远, 李占库, 闫洪雷, 雷智平, 颜井冲, 任世彪, 王知彩, 康士刚, 水恒福. 高温煤焦油增韧酚醛泡沫的制备及性能表征[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2022, 50(5): 530-537. doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2021088
引用本文: 程锦远, 李占库, 闫洪雷, 雷智平, 颜井冲, 任世彪, 王知彩, 康士刚, 水恒福. 高温煤焦油增韧酚醛泡沫的制备及性能表征[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2022, 50(5): 530-537. doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2021088
CHENG Jin-yuan, LI Zhan-ku, YAN Hong-lei, LEI Zhi-ping, YAN Jing-chong, REN Shi-biao, WANG Zhi-cai, KANG Shi-gang, SHUI Heng-fu. Preparation and performance of high-temperature coal tar toughened phenolic foams[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2022, 50(5): 530-537. doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2021088
Citation: CHENG Jin-yuan, LI Zhan-ku, YAN Hong-lei, LEI Zhi-ping, YAN Jing-chong, REN Shi-biao, WANG Zhi-cai, KANG Shi-gang, SHUI Heng-fu. Preparation and performance of high-temperature coal tar toughened phenolic foams[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2022, 50(5): 530-537. doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2021088

高温煤焦油增韧酚醛泡沫的制备及性能表征

doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2021088
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(22008001,22108004)资助
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    E-mail: li_zhanku@163.com

    shhf@ahut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TQ530

Preparation and performance of high-temperature coal tar toughened phenolic foams

Funds: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22008001 and 22108004).
  • 摘要: 以高温煤焦油为原料,部分替代石油基苯酚合成可发泡性酚醛树脂,通过发泡工艺制备煤焦油酚醛泡沫。利用气相色谱质谱仪和红外光谱仪分别对高温煤焦油和酚醛泡沫进行分析表征;采用光学显微镜、热重分析仪、极限氧指数仪、导热系数仪等对酚醛泡沫的表观形貌、压缩强度、粉化率、热稳定性、阻燃性能和隔热性能进行表征。结果表明,煤焦油酚醛泡沫的压缩强度有所降低,但是泡沫的韧性提高,其粉化率下降。同时煤焦油酚醛泡沫具有良好的热稳定性,当替代率为10%−15%时,极限氧指数最高为36.1%,导热系数最低为0.034 W/(m·K)。这说明,高温煤焦油能够部分替代苯酚制备出性能优良的酚醛泡沫,为高温煤焦油的高值化利用提供了新的思路。
  • FIG. 1522.  FIG. 1522.

    FIG. 1522.  FIG. 1522.

    图  1  煤焦油中部分组分参与酚醛树脂聚合的可能途径[21-23]

    Figure  1  Possible ways of some components in coal tar participating in polymerization of phenolic resins[21-23]

    图  2  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的FT-IR谱图

    Figure  2  FT-IR spectra of coal tar phenolic foams

    图  3  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的显微(上)和宏观(下)照片

    Figure  3  Micrographs (up) and photographs (down) of coal tar phenolic foams

    图  4  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的应力-应变曲线

    Figure  4  Stress-strain curves of coal tar phenolic foams

    图  5  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的TG(a)和DTG(b)曲线

    Figure  5  TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of coal tar phenolic foams

    图  6  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的极限氧指数

    Figure  6  Limited oxygen index of coal tar phenolic foams

    表  1  煤焦油酚醛树脂的基本特性

    Table  1  Basic characteristics of coal tar phenolic resins

    ResinPR5%CPR10%CPR15%CPR20%CPR
    Viscosity/(Pa·s) 1.58 5.74 5.35 7.96 14.98
    Solid content/% 78.6 82.3 84.6 79.2 71.1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  高温煤焦油的GC/MS分析

    Table  2  GC/MS analysis of high temperature coal tar

    CompoundRC/%CompoundRC/%
    Arenes 78.31 other arenes 0.16
    Indene 19.30 pyridines 3.44
    Naphthalene 8.77 2,4-dimethylpyridine 1.16
    Indane 8.14 pyridine 0.67
    1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 6.61 2-methylpyridine 0.54
    Ethylbenzene 5.48 3,4-dimethylpyridine 0.42
    1,2-xylene 5.39 2,6-dimethylpyridine 0.32
    1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 5.22 2,3,6-trimethylpyridine 0.30
    Toluene 3.91 other pyridines 0.03
    Styrene 3.54 benzofuran 3.74
    1-ethyl-3-toulene 3.24 benzonitrile 3.73
    3-methylindene 2.68 7-methylbenzofuran 2.40
    (1-methylcycloprop-2-en-1-yl)benzene 1.10 1,1-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenylsilanediamine 1.43
    1,3-dimethyl-5-ethylbenzene 0.78 1,2,3,4-tetramethylfulvene 1.03
    1-methylindane 0.77 o-methylaniline 1.01
    5-methylindane 0.58 m-methylaniline 0.52
    1-ethenyl-2,6-xylene 0.53 3-phenyl-2-acrolein 0.92
    o-isopropyltoluene 0.52 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 0.65
    2-phenyl-1-propene 0.51 o-tolunitrile 0.62
    1-isopropenyl-2-toulene 0.27 acetophenone 0.27
    2,5-dimethylstyrene 0.24 thianaphthene 0.14
    Cumene 0.20 2,3-dimethylthiophene 0.10
    Prop-1-yn-1-ylbenzene 0.17 2,4-dimethylphenol 0.02
    1-methyl-2,5-xylene 0.10 other compounds 1.67
    Propylbenzene 0.10
    RC: relative content
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的基础特性

    Table  3  Basic characteristics of coal tar phenolic foams

    FoamDensity/
    (kg·m−3)
    Compressive strength/
    kPa
    Specific compressive strength/
    (kPa·kg−1·m3)
    Slag
    rate/%
    Thermal conductivity/
    (W·m−1·K−1)
    PF52.2172.03.3015.50.047
    5%CPF47.4130.62.7612.90.040
    10%CPF38.689.02.3114.60.044
    15%CPF36.776.62.0916.90.034
    20%CPF45.1109.22.4214.40.036
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  煤焦油酚醛泡沫的TG-DTG分析

    Table  4  TG-DTG analysis of coal tar phenolic foams

    Samplet5%/℃tmax/℃Residual mass/%
    step IIstep III
    PF 156.8 246.1 447.1 51.7
    5%CPF 139.6 244.4 441.5 52.2
    10%CPF 148.7 230.2 451.1 47.1
    15%CPF 150.7 240.5 446.2 41.1
    20%CPF 163.3 231.1 448.6 49.6
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-09-28
  • 修回日期:  2021-11-02
  • 录用日期:  2021-11-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-15
  • 刊出日期:  2022-05-24

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