Study on As and Pb release characteristics and thermodynamics of organic solid waste combustion/gasification process
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摘要: 在固定床反应器上，研究了不同种类有机固废在800−1100 ℃不同温度下燃烧/气化过程As、Pb的释放特性以及灰的组成成分，探究了CaO、SiO2、Al2O3对气化过程中重金属 As、Pb 迁移转化的影响。结果表明，有机固废气化过程As、Pb的释放率整体上随温度升高而升高，且气化过程As、Pb的释放率明显低于燃烧；灰产率随温度升高而降低，灰中主要含有CaO、Al2O3和SiO2；热力学研究表明，在高温下气化过程主要生成气态As和Pb，而燃烧过程则会生成大量的As2O3和PbO，As和Pb的单质沸点相比氧化物更高，因此，气化过程As、Pb的释放率比燃烧过程要低；在900 ℃以下CaO、SiO2、Al2O3会与As、Pb反应生成Ca3(AsO4)2、Ca2PbO4、PbSiO3和 AlAsO4，随着温度升高会逐渐分解，As、Pb的释放率逐渐升高，因此，气化温度应越低越好，并考虑适当增加有机固废中Ca、Si、Al含量，减少S、Cl含量来降低As、Pb在大气中的排放。Abstract: In a fixed bed reactor, the release characteristics of As and Pb and the composition of ash in the combustion/gasification process of different types of organic solid wastes at 800−1100 ℃ were studied. The effects of CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 on the migration and transformation of heavy metals As and Pb in the gasification process were explored. The results show that the release rates of As and Pb in the organic solid waste gasification process increase with the increase of temperature on the whole, and the release rates of As and Pb in the gasification process are significantly lower than those in the combustion process. The ash yield decreases with the increase of temperature, and the ash mainly contains CaO, Al2O3 and SiO2. Thermodynamic studies show that at high temperature, gasification process mainly produces gaseous As and Pb, while combustion process produces a large number of As2O3 and PbO. The boiling points of As and Pb are higher than those of oxides, so the release rates of As and Pb in gasification process are lower than those in combustion process. Ca3(AsO4)2, Ca2PbO4, PbSiO3 and AlAsO4 can be produced by CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 reacting with As and Pb below 900 ℃. As the temperature increases, the release rates of As and Pb gradually increase. Therefore, the lower the gasification temperature is, the better it is. The emission of As and Pb in the atmosphere can be reduced by appropriately increasing the contents of Ca, Si and Al in organic solid waste and reducing the contents of S and Cl.
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Key words:
- organic solid waste /
- gasification /
- As /
- Pb /
- release characteristics /
- thermodynamic
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图 2 不同温度下有机固废燃烧/气化过程灰产率与As、Pb释放率的变化
Figure 2 Curves of ash yield and As, Pb release rate of organic solid waste combustion/gasification process at different temperatures
图 3 不同温度下有机固废燃烧/气化过程灰成分分析
Figure 3 Results of ash composition analysis of organic solid waste combustion/gasification process at different temperatures
图 4 燃烧/气化过程As的形态分布
Figure 4 Morphology distribution of As during combustion/gasification process
(a): combustion；(b): gasification
图 5 燃烧/气化过程Pb的形态分布
Figure 5 Morphology distribution of Pb during combustion/gasification process
(a): combustion；(b): gasification
图 6 气化过程CaO对As、Pb形态分布的影响
Figure 6 Effect of CaO on As and Pb distribution in gasification process
(a): As+ organic solid wastes +CaO；(b): Pb+ organic solid wastes +CaO
图 7 气化过程SiO2对As、Pb形态分布的影响
Figure 7 Effect of SiO2 on As and Pb distribution in gasification process
(a): As+ organic solid wastes + SiO2；(b): Pb+ organic solid wastes + SiO2
图 8 气化过程Al2O3对As、Pb形态分布的影响
Figure 8 Effect of Al2O3 on As and Pb distribution in gasification process
(a): As+ organic solid wastes + Al2O3；(b): Pb+ organic solid wastes + Al2O3
表 1 原料的工业分析和元素分析
Table 1 Industry and element analysis of raw materials
Sample Proximate analysis war/% Ultimate analysis wad/% M A V FC C H Oa N S Cl SL 0.69 1.41 94.46 3.44 82.11 7.88 3.79 4.97 0.04 0.11 NL 25.08 7.41 64.17 3.34 37.25 5.17 24.12 0.74 0.16 0.07 ZZ 6.79 11.49 78.34 3.38 35.73 5.10 40.46 0.37 0.23 0.13 CY 32.54 6.89 55.19 5.38 21.18 2.71 32.91 1.34 0.28 0.15 WF 13.74 14.73 60.94 10.59 48.98 3.40 31.48 0.97 1.26 0.74 a: subtraction 
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表 2 原料中元素含量的ICP-MS分析
Table 2 ICP-MS analysis of element content in raw materials
Sample Element content/(mg·g−1) K Na Al Fe Ca Mg Si As Pb SL 0.13 0.74 0.24 0.18 0.24 0.33 0.45 0.30 0.62 NL 5.95 0.85 0.71 1.00 2.28 2.09 0.58 0.95 0.31 ZZ 0.17 4.48 0.64 0.14 12.27 1.15 3.09 0.11 0.18 CY 115.84 1.12 0.15 0.17 0.37 3.50 0.44 0.48 0.15 WF 2.82 42.60 10.48 6.12 26.61 1.45 0.21 1.21 3.35
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表 3 输入有机固废的初始条件
Table 3 Initial conditions of input organic solid waste
Element C H O N S Cl Ca Si Al As Pb Quantity/mol 40.8 34.0 26.2 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.66 0.45 0.39 0.5 0.5
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