煤灰熔融特性与灰成分之间关系的矿物变化研究

王洋; 李慧; 王东旭; 董长青; 陆强; 李文艳

煤灰熔融特性与灰成分之间关系的矿物变化研究

王洋¹,
李慧¹,
王东旭²,
董长青^1, ,,
陆强¹,
李文艳²

1.
华北电力大学生物质发电成套设备国家工程实验室, 北京 102206
2.
华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院, 北京 102206

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 51276062

国家重点基础研究发展规划 973 program

国家重点基础研究发展规划 2015CB251501

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 2015ZZD02

详细信息

通讯作者:
董长青, E-mail: cqdong1@163.com

中图分类号: TQ536.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-15
- 修回日期: 2016-06-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2016-09-10

Relationship between coal ash fusibility and ash composition in terms of mineral changes

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2.
School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Funds:

National Nature Science Foundation of China 51276062

the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China 973 program

the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China 2015CB251501

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2015ZZD02

摘要

摘要: 通过在一种真实煤灰中添加不同的氧化物或直接用氧化物配制合成灰，探究了不同灰成分对灰熔融特性的影响规律。利用FactSage 7.0对不同灰分的熔融过程进行了热力学模拟，通过熔融过程中的矿物质变化为各种灰成分对熔融特性的影响规律提供理论依据。结果表明，氧化钠对灰熔点的降低作用源于钠长石和霞石对钙长石的取代；氧化镁含量的增加对灰熔点起先降低后升高的作用，当氧化镁含量超过一定时，产生的镁橄榄石能够升高灰熔点；硫对灰熔点的升高作用源于镁橄榄石和硫酸钙对透辉石的取代；氧化钙含量的增加对灰熔点起到先降低后升高的作用，当氧化钙含量超过一定时，硅从熔点较低的矿物质迁移到熔点较高的矿物质中，升高了灰熔点。在与硅氧单元体结合的过程中，氧化钠优先于氧化钙；与氧化钙和硅氧单元体结合的氧化物的优先级为：氧化铝>氧化镁>氧化铁。
- 灰熔融特性 /
- 矿物变化 /
- 热力学模拟
Abstract: Coal ash and synthetic ash samples were used to detect effect of different ash components on ash fusion temperatures (AFTs). Thermodynamic database FactSage 7.0 was applied to simulate the melting process of ashes with different compositions, in order to provide theoretical basis for effect of ash components on ash fusibility. The reducing effect of Na₂O on AFTs is due to the replacement of anorthite by albite and nepheline. The increasing content of MgO can initially lower and then raise the AFTs. When MgO exceeds certain content, forsterite is generated and raise the AFTs. The raising effect of sulfur on AFTs is due to the replacement of diopside by forsterite and calcium sulfate. The increasing content of CaO can also initially lower and then raise the AFTs. When CaO exceeds certain level, Si migrates from minerals with low melting points to those with higher melting points, thus raising the AFTs. Na₂O is prior to CaO when being bound with silica-oxygen units to form minerals. The priority order of the oxides when being bound with CaO and silica-oxygen units is: Al₂O₃ > MgO > Fe₂O₃.
- ash fusibility /
- mineral conversion /
- thermodynamic simulation

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图 1 灰分1-7的熔融温度及变化趋势

Figure 1 AFTs of ash sample 1-7 and their changing tendency

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图 2 灰分1随温度升高过程中矿物质的变化

■: CaSO₄; ○: NaAlSi₃O₈; △: KAlSi₃O₈; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAlSi₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ▶: Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂; ◇: slag

Figure 2 Mineral changes of ash 1 with the rising temperature

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图 3 灰分1随温度升高过程中液渣组成的变化

Figure 3 Slag composition changes of ash 1 with the rising temperature

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图 4 灰分3随温度升高过程中矿物质的变化

■: CaSO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; △: KAlSi₃O₈; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAl₂Si₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ▶: Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂; ◇: slag

Figure 4 Mineral changes of ash 3 with the rising temperature

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图 5 900 ℃下灰分中矿物质随氧化钠含量增加的变化

■: CaSO₄; □: SiO₂; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; △: KAlSi₃O₈; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAl₂Si₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ◇: Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂

Figure 5 Mineral changes with the increasing content of Na₂O at 900 ℃

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图 6 灰分4随温度升高过程中矿物质的变化

■: CaSO₄; □: Mg₂SiO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; △: KAlSi₃O₈; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAl₂Si₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ◇: slag

Figure 6 Mineral changes of ash 4 with the rising temperature

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图 7 900 ℃下灰分中矿物质随氧化镁含量增加的变化

■: CaSO₄; ◇: Mg₂SiO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAl₂Si₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ▶: Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂

Figure 7 Mineral changes with the increasing content of MgO at 900 ℃

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图 8 灰分5矿物质随温度升高的变化

■: CaSO₄; □: Mg₂SiO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; △: KAlSi₃O₈; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◁: Fe₂O₃; ◆: CaAl₂SiO₈; ◇: slag

Figure 8 Mineral changes of ash 5 with the rising temperature

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图 9 900 ℃下灰分中矿物质随硫含量增加的变化

■: CaSO₄; ◇: Mg₂SiO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ●: NaAlSi₃O₈; ▲: KAlSi₂O₆; ▼: CaMgSi₂O₆; ◆: CaAl₂Si₂O₈; ◁: Fe₂O₃

Figure 9 Mineral changes with the increasing content of SO₃ at 900 ℃

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图 10 灰分6矿物质随温度升高的变化

◇: K₂SO₄; ■: CaSO₄; □: K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃; ▲: Mg₂SiO₄; ○: NaAlSiO₄; ▼: Na₂Ca₃Al₁₆O₂₈; ◄: Ca₂MgSi₂O₇; ▶: Fe₂O₃; ●: Ca₃FeSi₃O₁₂; ◆: slag

Figure 10 Mineral changes of ash 6 with the rising temperature

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图 11 灰分7矿物质随温度升高的变化

□: K₃Na (SO₄)₂; ■: Na₂SO₄; ◇: CaSO₄; ○: K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃; ●: MgO; △: CaO; ▲: Na₂Ca₈Al₆O₁₈; ◁: Ca₂SiO₄; ◄: Ca₃SiO₅; ▶: Ca₃MgSi₂O₈; ▷: Ca₂Fe₂O₅; ◆: slag

Figure 11 Mineral changes of ash 7 with the rising temperature

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表 1 准东煤的灰成分分析

Table 1 Ash composition of several Zhundong coals

Coal	Composition w/%
Coal	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	SO₃
Hubei Yihua	9.02	4.7	7.7	43.94	10.26	6.33	1.11	0.31	15.58
Shenhua	26.97	7.72	7.66	22.86	9	3.91	0.51	0.43	20.15
Tianchi energy	14.68	4.63	10.07	33.27	8.23	4.05	0.56	0.12	23.68
Zhonglian coal	41.18	16.87	7.19	12.1	2.73	3.82	1.01	0.7	13.52
Guoneng	49.44	13.26	8.14	8.54	7.07	5.06	1.49	0.92	5.38

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表 2 实验所用真实煤灰和合成灰的灰成分分析

Table 2 Composition of the real coal ash and synthetic ashes in experiments

Coal	Composition w/%
Coal	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	SO₃	others
Ash 1	47.8	14.3	8.0	15.8	3.2	0.5	1.7	6.8	1.9
Ash 2	53.2	16.5	5.4	10.6	2.1	3.1	3.0	4.5	1.6
Ash 3	45.4	13.6	7.6	15.0	3.0	5.5	1.6	6.5	1.8
Ash 4	42.6	12.8	7.0	14.1	9.0	5.2	1.5	6.1	1.7
Ash 5	39.5	11.8	6.5	13.1	8.3	4.8	1.4	13.0	1.6
Ash 6	30.3	9.1	6.5	25.0	8.3	4.8	1.4	13.0	1.6
Ash 7	13.4	4.0	6.5	47.0	8.3	4.8	1.4	13.0	1.6
Albite	64.03	20.94	0.06	0.15	0.02	8.35	5.51	0.01	0.93

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