Abstract: Direct liquefaction of 5 agricultural residues was carried out in a 250 mL autoclave. During the tentative experiment, peanut shell was tested. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst etc. was investigated. The results show that 21%～28% of heavy oil yield is obtained under the conditions of 300 ℃～340 ℃, 10 min and 1/30 (K2CO3 catalyst/raw material, w/w), when feedstock is 10 g sample mixed with 100 mL water. A linear correlative model gives the correlation coefficient of 0.89, which denotes that the heavy oil yields have a good relationship with the lignin contents in agricultural residues. The heavy oils obtained from the liquefaction of agricultural residues have high heating values. This work shows that liquefaction is an effective way to convert agricultural residues to bio-fuels.