Combination of electron beam irradiation and electro-reduction—A novel method for direct coal liquefaction
-
摘要: 对电子束辐照与电化学联用技术提高煤炭液化率的新型方法进行了研究。利用高能电子束对煤炭样品进行辐照,并通过四氢呋喃萃取出辐照后的可能产物并计算其提取率。实验结果发现,提取产率随着辐照剂量的增加而增加,并得到在氧气气氛下25 kGy的最佳辐照条件。辐照的样品进一步在氢氧化钠电解液中电化学还原液化,并采用元素分析法、傅里叶红外光谱法、阴极极化曲线法、核磁共振法和计时电流法等来检测辐照对煤炭电化学还原的影响。Abstract: A novel method was developed to combine electron beam irradiation with electrochemical reduction to increase coal liquefaction degree. Coal samples were irradiated by a stream of high energy electron beam. The samples were treated with tetrahydrofuran to extract the possible products from electron beam irradiation. The products were analyzed to calculate the yield. It was observed that the extract yield increased as the absorbed doses increased, but the increase was more significant when the absorbed dose was 25 kGy in O2 atmosphere. The irradiated samples were further electrochemically reduced in sodium hydroxide electrolyte solution for liquefaction. Corresponding elemental analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and chronoamperometry were employed to investigate the effects of the electron beam irradiation on the electrochemical reduction of coal.
-
Key words:
- coal liquefaction /
- electron beam irradiation /
- electrolysis
-
SHUI H F, SHAN C J, CAI Z Y, WANG Z C, LEI Z P, REN S B, PAN C X, LI H P. Co-liquefaction behavior of a sub-bituminous coal and sawdust[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(11): 6645-6650.
LIU X, ZHOU Z J, HU Q J, DAI Z H, WANG F C. Experimental study on co-gasification of coal liquefaction residue and petroleum coke[J]. Energy Fuel, 2011, 25(8): 3377-3381.
LUO H, LING K, ZHANG W, WANG Y, SHEN J. Research on the mechanism of quick coal liquefaction at high temperatures[J]. Energy Source Part A, 2011, 33(8): 735-744.
LI J, YANG J L, LIU Z Y. Hydrogenation of heavy liquids from a direct coal liquefaction residue for improved oil yield[J]. Fuel Process Technol, 2009, 90(4): 490-495.
MATHEWS J P, SHARMA A. The structural alignment of coal and the analogous case of Argonne Upper Freeport coal[J]. Fuel, 2012, 95: 19-24.
MATHEWS J P, VAN DUIN A C T, CHAFFEE A L. The utility of coal molecular models[J]. Fuel Process Technol, 2011, 92(4): 718-728.
DOMAZETIS G, JAMES B D. Molecular models of brown coal containing inorganic species[J]. Org Geochem, 2006, 37(2): 244-259.
WEI Y B, WEI X Y, YU L C, LI P, ZONG Z M, ZHAO W. The amorphous alloy-catalyzed hydroconversion of demineralized Shengli coal liquefaction residue under microwave irradiation[J]. Energy Source Part A, 2013, 35(24): 2302-2309.
LEE H S, CHOI J I, KIM J H, LEE K W, CHUNG Y J, SHIN M H, BYUN M W, SHIN M G, LEE J W. Investigation on radiation degradation of carboxymethylcellulose by ionizing irradiation[J]. Appl Radiat Isotopes, 2009, 67(7): 1513-1515.
陆妩, 任迪远, 郭旗, 余学峰, 何承发, 王义元, 高博. 双极线性稳压器电离辐射剂量率效应及其损伤分析[J]. 物理学报, 2011, 60(9): 096104.
(LU Wu, REN Di-Yuan, GUO Qi, YU Xue-Feng, HE Cheng-Fa, WANG Yi-Yuan, GAO Bo. Degradation and dose rate effects of bipolar linear regulator on ionizing radiation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(9): 096104.)
WANG C, ZHAO Y G, ZHOU W, LIU H Y, YIN R H. Electro-oxidation of coal on NiO and/or Co3O4 modified TiO2/Pt electrodes[J]. Electrochim Acta, 2011, 56(18): 6299-6304.
WANG Z C, SHUI H F, ZHU Y N, GAO J S. Catalysis of solid acid for the liquefaction of coal[J]. Fuel, 2009, 88(5): 885-889.
LI Y, ZHANG X P, DONG H F, WANG X L, NIE Y, ZHANG S J. Efficient extraction of direct coal liquefaction residue with the[bmim] Cl/NMP mixed solvent[J]. RSC Adv, 2011, 1(8): 1579-1584.
WANG Z Z, LIU X G, ZHOU D M. Electroreduction of pretreated low temperature coal tar fraction in dimethylformamide-EtOH-H2O-tetra n-butylammonium bromide system[J]. Fuel Process Technol, 1997, 50(2/3): 131-137.
IL?IN M, HOLÁ O, BAKAJOVÁ B. FT-IR study of gamma-radiation induced degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/humic acids blends[J]. J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 2010, 283(1): 9-13.
ABAD L V, KUDO H, SAIKI S, NAGASAWAC N, TAMADAC M, KATSUMURAB Y, ARANILLAA C T, RELLEVEA L S, DE LA ROSA A M. Radiation degradation studies of carrageenans[J]. Carbohyd Polym, 2009, 78(1): 100-106.
DONG H L ,LI H X ,WANG E J ,YAN S K , ZHANG J M , YANG C M , TAKAHASH I , NAKASHIMA H, TORIMITSU K, HU W P . Molecular orientation and field-effect transistors of a rigid rod conjugated polymer thin films[J]. J Phys Chem B , 2009, 113(13): 4176-4180.
SONIBARE O O, HAEGER T, FOLEY S F. Structural characterization of Nigerian coals by X-ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy[J]. Energy, 2010, 35(12): 5347-5353.
HUANG Y G, ZONG Z M, YAO Z S, ZHENG Y X, MOU J, LIU G F, CAO J P , DING M J, CAI K Y , WANG F , ZHAO W , XIA Z L , WU L , WEI X Y. Ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation of Shenfu coal and its residues[J]. Energy Fuel, 2008, 22(3): 1799-1806.
MIYAKE M, HAMAGUCHI M, NOMURA M. Electrochemical hydrogenation of coal with active hydrogen generated from water in a mediator/nickel powder system under ultrasonic irradiation[J]. Energy Fuel, 1989, 3(3): 362-365.
刘艳兰, 周尉, 王锦花, 郭冰峰, 印仁和. γ 射线辐照对煤中自由基浓度变化和电解加氢液化的影响[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2014, 42(1): 26-30.
(LIU Yan-lan, ZHOU Wei, WANG Jin-hua, GUO Bing-feng, YIN Ren-he. Influence of γ-rays radiation on free radical and electrochemical hydrogenation of coal[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2014, 42(1): 26-30.)
PIETRZAK R, WACHOWSKA H. Low temperature oxidation of coals of different rank and different sulphur content[J]. Fuel, 2003, 82(6): 705-713.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 804
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 911
- 被引次数: 0