高岭土对焚烧烟气中Pb、Cd排放的控制特性研究

严玉朋; 黄亚继; 王昕晔; 邵志伟; 张帅毅; 刘长奇; 陈波

高岭土对焚烧烟气中Pb、Cd排放的控制特性研究

东南大学能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室, 江苏南京 210096

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51006023); 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130092110007)。

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄亚继,研究方向为大气污染控制和洁净煤燃烧技术;Tel:025-83794744;E-mail:heyyj@seu.edu.cn。

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-03-24
- 修回日期: 2014-06-14
- 刊出日期: 2014-10-30

Control of Pb and Cd emission by kaolin during waste incineration

Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

摘要

摘要: 采用流化床焚烧炉进行焚烧实验,研究了烟气中颗粒物形态Pb和Cd的排放规律以及炉内添加高岭土粉末对Pb、Cd排放的影响。用低压冲击器分级采集颗粒物,原子吸收分光光度计检测Pb、Cd浓度,用扫描电镜/X射线衍射/能谱仪观察高岭土吸附重金属前后表面形貌和反应物的种类并检测表面元素分布。结果表明,PM₁₀中90%以上的Pb和85%以上的Cd分布在亚微米颗粒物中;在焚烧炉内,Pb比Cd更易于向PM₁₀中迁移。高温下高岭土与重金属Pb、Cd蒸气反应而产生共晶融化,随温度升高融化量逐渐增加。共晶融化可以促使颗粒相互黏附,促进亚微米重金属向粗颗粒中迁移。添加高岭土可以有效控制亚微米Pb、Cd排放,对亚微米Pb的最高吸附效率达83%,对亚微米Cd的最高效率达50%。高岭土对Pb吸附效率顺序为950 ℃>1 000 ℃>850 ℃>900 ℃;高岭土与Cd反应所需的温度较高,直至1 000 ℃时才具有明显吸附效果。
- 流化床焚烧炉 /
- Pb /
- Cd /
- 高岭土 /
- 共晶融化 /
- 吸附
Abstract: The distribution characteristic of lead and cadmium in PM₁₀ was investigated in a fluidized bed incinerator with kaolin as sorbent to control their emissions. The low pressure impactor (LPI) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to detect the size distribution of Pb and Cd in flue gas. The scanning electron microscope/X-ray diffraction/energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM/XRD/EDS) was used to observe the surface morphology and element distribution, respectively. More than 90% of particulate Pb and 85% of particulate Cd in flue gas are enriched in submicron particles. The volatilization of Pb is significantly higher than that of Cd. The reactions of Pb and Cd with kaolin powders can induce the eutectic-melt at high temperature, and its amount increases with the temperature rising. The melted kaolin particles conglutinate to larger particles which can shift the metals in flue gas from the fine to coarse particles. The addition of kaolin can effectively absorb submicron Pb and Cd. The best absorption efficiencies are up to 80% and 50% respectively. For submicron Pb absorption, the optimum incineration temperature is 950 ℃. For submicron Cd absorption, the reaction temperature is much higher; the obvious absorption process occurs until 1 000 ℃.
- fluidized bed incinerator /
- pd /
- cd /
- kaolin /
- eutectic-melt /
- absorption

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