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摘要: 利用灰熔融性测定仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了温度、气氛、残炭含量对茌平、宿迁循环流化床气化细粉灰熔融特性的影响。结果表明，弱还原气氛下两种气化细粉灰的熔融温度最低。高温下莫来石的出现导致宿迁气化细粉灰灰熔点明显高于茌平气化细粉灰。两种循环流化床气化细粉灰的熔融特征温度均随着残炭含量的上升而升高，当残炭含量超过3%，温度超过1300 ℃时，两种气化细粉灰均会产生碳硅石。碳硅石的存在是使气化细粉灰熔融性变差的主要原因。Abstract: Effects of temperature, atmosphere and residual carbon on melting behavior and mineral transition mechanism of fine ash from Chiping and Suqian circulating fluidized bed gasifier at high temperature was studied using fusion point analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that ash fusion temperature of two fine ash is the lowest under reducing atmosphere. The existence of mullite is the major reason for the higher ash fusion temperature of Suqian fine ash than that of Chiping. The ash fusion temperature increases with increasing mass fraction of residual carbon. When temperature is above 1300℃ and the mass fraction of residual carbon is more than 3%, moissanite is formed in slags of both fine ashes. Moissanite is mainly responsible for the worse fusibility of ash with higher content of residual carbon.
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Key words:
- circulating fluidized bed gasification /
- fine ash /
- ash fusibility /
- residual carbon
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图 1 不同气氛下茌平、宿迁气化细粉灰灰熔融特征温度
Figure 1 Ash fusion temperature of CP and SQ fine ash under different atmospheres
—▼—: oxidation(SQ); —◆—: reduction(SQ); —●—: inert(SQ); —□—: oxidation(CP); —○—: reduction(CP); —△—: inert(CP)
图 2 惰性气氛下茌平气化细粉灰在不同温度下的XRD谱图
Figure 2 XRD patterns of CP fine ash under inert atmosphere
1: anorthite; 2: quartz; 3: anhydrite; 4: hematite
图 3 惰性气氛下宿迁气化细粉灰在不同温度下的XRD谱图
Figure 3 XRD patterns of SQ fine ash under inert atmosphere
1: mullite; 2: anorthite; 3: quartz; 4: corundum; 5: troilite; 6: oldhamite; 7: anhydrite
图 4 惰性气氛下不同种类气化细粉灰灰熔融特征温度
Figure 4 AFT of fine ash under inert atmosphere
(a): CP; (b): SQ
图 5 5添加了不同石墨含量的茌平气化细粉灰的XRD谱图
Figure 5 XRD patterns of CP fine ash with different graphite contents under inert atmosphere
1: anorthite; 2: quartz; 3: oldhamite; 4: hematite; 5: moissanite; 6: omisteinbergite (a): CP-3%; (b): CP-5%; (c): CP-10%; (d): CP-15%
图 6 添加了不同石墨含量的宿迁气化细粉灰的XRD谱图
Figure 6 XRD patterns of SQ fine ash with different graphite contents under inert atmosphere
1: mullite; 2: anorthite; 3: quartz; 4: moissanite; 5: corundum; 6: iron; 7: oldhamite; 8: fersilicite; 9: iron silicon; 10: halite; 11: cohenite (a): SQ-3%; (b): SQ-5%; (c): SQ-10%; (d): SQ-15%
图 7 1500 ℃下添加了不同残炭含量的茌平气化灰渣的熔融SEM照片
Figure 7 SEM photos of CP fine ash with different graphite contents at 1500 ℃
(a): CP-0; (b): CP-3%; (c): CP-5%; (d): CP-10%
图 8 1500 ℃下不同残炭含量的宿迁气化灰渣的熔融SEM照片
Figure 8 SEM photos of SQ fine ash with different graphite contents at 1500 ℃
(a): SQ-0; (b): SQ-3%; (c): SQ-5%; (d): SQ-10%
表 1 茌平、宿迁气化细粉灰的工业分析和元素分析
Table 1 Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of the fine ash
Sample Proximate analysis wad/% Ultimate analysis wad/% M A V FC C H O N S CP 0.68 33.78 1.98 63.58 65.66 0.78 0.00 0.43 0.94 SQ 0.06 60.66 0.67 38.61 39.08 0.20 0.00 0.26 1.62 
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表 2 茌平、宿迁气化细粉灰灰成分分析
Table 2 Ash compositions of fine ash from chiping and suqian
Sample Ash compositions w/% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 TiO2 P2O5 K2O Na2O CP 51.52 27.29 2.85 6.98 1.15 6.27 0.51 0.46 1.00 1.98 SQ 44.93 33.67 5.71 5.81 0.97 5.02 1.27 0.38 1.27 0.85
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