Review on the fate of antimony and its emission control technologies during coal combustion
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摘要: 锑是一种潜在有毒痕量元素，燃煤电厂是中国大气锑污染的重要来源。本研究通过对世界各国文献综述，详细介绍了煤中锑的含量及赋存形态，并从煤燃烧过程中锑的挥发行为、迁移特性和产物分布等角度阐释了燃煤过程中锑的迁移转化机制。此外，总结了电厂在燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后等不同阶段锑的排放控制技术现状。旨在为全面认知燃煤过程中锑的迁移转化及污染控制提供理论参考和技术指导。Abstract: Antimony is a trace element with potential toxicity. As a major source of atmospheric antimony pollution in China, the fate of antimony released during coal combustion has been attracting increasing concern. In this study, the contents and occurrence modes of antimony in coals were summarized, with subsequent discussions on the vaporization and transformation behavior of antimony in the coal combustion process. The partitioning of antimony in bottom ash, size-segregated fly ash particles as well as flue gas were also presented. Regarding the potential control methods for antimony emission, technologies facing pre-combustion, combustion and post-combustion stages were proposed respectively. It aims to provide a guideline for understanding the behavior of antimony migration and emission control during coal combustion.
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Key words:
- antimony /
- coal combustion /
- vaporization behavior /
- migration characteristic /
- emission control
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表 1 世界煤中锑含量
Table 1 Concents of antimony in coal around the world
Country Content of Sb/(μg·g-1) Number of sample Reference range average China 0.05-120 2.56 133 Ren et al. 1999[10] 0.1-10 2 446 Zhao et al.2002[11] - 0.71 1123 Bai et al.2007[12] - 0.84 527 Dai et al. 2008[13] 0.02-348 7.06 1058 Qi et al. 2008[9] 0-3.97 1.48 1612 Tian et al. 2011[5] Malaysia 2-96 76 39 Sia et al. 2012[14] Australia 0.01-1.2 0.5 - Swaine 1990[8] Japan 0.05-1.5 0.54 - Dale et al. 1993[15] - 0.874 33 Ito et al. 2006[16] USA -35 1.2 7473 Finkelman 1993[17] Word 0.005-10 0.92 - Ketris et al. 2009[18] Swain 1990[8] -: not provided 
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Speciation Chemical formula Melting points /℃ Boiling points /℃ Metal Sb 630.5 1635 Oxide Sb2O3 656 1456* Chloride SbCl3 73.4 223.5 SbCl5 3.5 140 Sulphide Sb2S3 546 1150 *：decompostion
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表 3 煤燃烧过程中锑的质量平衡
Table 3 Mass balance of antimony during coal combustion
Unit Fly ash/% Bottom ash/% Flue gas/% Others/% Reference 600 MW 94.31 1.9 3.79 ND Lu et al. 2018[51] 350 MW 98.87 ND ND 1.13 Che et al. 2019[52] 320 MW 99.08 0.79 0.05 0.08 Zhao et al. 2018[53] 320 MW 89.38 2.91 0.04 10.58 Wang et al. 2018[54] - 69.8 14.0 0.06 10.02 Ito et al. 2006[16] 600 MW 95.7 4.3 ND - Nodelman et al. 2000[55] 600 MW 64-68 13-17 3.7-4.0 15 Qi et al. 2016[56] note: all the furnaces in the table are pulverized coal furnaces; -: not provided; others: gypsum, slug, waste water, etc.; ND: not detected
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表 4 污染物脱除设备对锑的脱除效果
Table 4 Removal efficiencies of Sb by different APCDs
Control device Removal efficiency of Sb/% Reference ESP 98.9 Meij et al. 2007[68] 69.8 Ito et al. 2006[16] 83.50 Tian et al. 2011[5] 60 Zhao et al. 2016[69] 77-80 Qi et al. 2016[56] 41.79 Wang et al. 2018[54] FF 94.3 Tian et al. 2011[5] >98 Nodelman et al. 2000[55] WFGD 19-21 Qi et al. 2016[56] 72.7 Zhao et al. 2016[69] 82.1 Meij et al. 2007[68] 33.33 Wang et al. 2018[54] WESP 60 Zhao et al. 2016[69] 15 Wang et al. 2018[54] ESP+WFGD 81-84 Qi et al. 2016[56] 99.81 Meij et al. 2007[68] 97.05 Zhu et al. 2016[70] ESP+WFGD+WESP >99.9 Zhao et al. 2016[69] FF+WFGD 98.98 SCR+ESP+ WFGD 98.98 Zhu et al. 2016[70]
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