添加不同塑料与污泥混合热解对生物炭中重金属的影响

汪刚; 余广炜; 谢胜禹; 江汝清; 汪印

添加不同塑料与污泥混合热解对生物炭中重金属的影响

汪刚^{1, 2},
余广炜^1, ,,
谢胜禹^{1, 2},
江汝清^{1, 2},
汪印¹

1.
中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市污染物转化重点实验室, 福建厦门 361021
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目:

福建省自然科学基金 2019J01135

美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项 XDA23020500

福建省工业引导性重点项目 2015H0044

中国科学院青年人才领域前沿重点项目 IUEZD201402

中日政府间国际科技创新合作重点项目 2016YFE0118000

详细信息

通讯作者:
余广炜, Tel:0592-6190537, E-mail:gwyu@iue.ac.cn

中图分类号: X705
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- 文章访问数: 184
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-10
- 修回日期: 2019-03-11
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-10

Effect of co-pyrolysis of different plastics with sewage sludge on heavy metals in the biochar

WANG Gang^{1, 2},
YU Guang-wei^{1
, ,},
XIE Sheng-yu^{1, 2},
JIANG Ru-qing^{1, 2},
WANG Yin¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds:

The project was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province 2019J01135

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA23020500

Industry Leading Key Projects of Fujian Province 2015H0044

Key Project of Young Talent of the Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences IUEZD201402

China-Japanese Research Cooperative Program 2016YFE0118000

摘要

摘要: 利用高温管式炉开展城市污泥（SS）与四种塑料（PE、PP、PS和PVC）混合热解实验，分别得到四种生物炭（SSC_PE、SSC_PP、SSC_PS和SSC_PVC），研究了生物炭中重金属（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb）含量、残余率、BCR形态和TCLP浸出毒性特征，并开展潜在生态风险评估。结果表明，添加不同塑料与污泥混合热解能够降低除Cd以外重金属的残余率。与污泥单独热解所得生物炭（SSC）相比，添加PE、PP和PS能够促进生物炭中的重金属向相对稳定态（F3+F4）转化，实现固化稳定；添加PVC仅对生物炭中Cr和As有固化稳定作用，对其他重金属有明显活化作用。四种生物炭中的重金属浸出量低于GB5085.3-2007浸出毒性鉴别标准规定的限值，生态风险均明显地降低至轻微风险水平，表明添加PE、PP、PS和PVC与污泥混合热解所得生物炭的应用不会带来新的环境风险，这为污泥与废塑料协同处置工艺提供了良好的理论支撑。
- 污泥 /
- 塑料 /
- 混合热解 /
- 重金属 /
- 形态分析 /
- 浸出毒性 /
- 生态风险评价
Abstract: The experiments of sewage sludge (SS) co-pyrolysis with four kinds of plastics (PE, PP, PS and PVC) were carried out in a high temperature tubular furnace to obtain four kinds of biochar (SSC_PE, SSC_PP, SSC_PS and SSC_PVC), respectively. The contents, residual rates, BCR speciation, leaching toxicity and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in biochar were studied. The results show that the residues of heavy metals except Cd are reduced by adding different kinds of plastics during SS pyrolysis. Compared with the biochar (SSC) obtained by SS pyrolysis, the addition of PE, PP and PS can promote the transformation of heavy metals speciation in biochar to more stable fractions (F3+F4) and achieve the immobilization of heavy metals. The addition of PVC only promotes the immobilization of Cr and As in biochar, while exhibiting an obvious activation effect on other heavy metals. The concentrations of leaching heavy metals in four kinds of biochar are lower than the limit value of the identification standard for extraction (GB5085.3-2007), and the potential ecological risks of the four kinds of biochar are all in a slight level. This work provides a good theoretical support for the process of the cooperative disposal of SS and waste plastics.
- sewage sludge /
- plastics /
- co-pyrolysis /
- heavy metals /
- speciation analysis /
- leaching toxicity /
- risk assessment

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图 1 热解处理装置示意图

1: N₂ flow meter; 2: vertical tubular furnace; 3: temperature controller; 4: condenser; 5: acetone trap; 6: gas collector

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of device for pyrolysis treatment

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图 3 原料与生物炭中重金属的含量

Figure 3 Total content of heavy metals in experimental materials and biochar

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图 2 不同废塑料与污泥混合热解生物炭的产率

Figure 2 Yield of different biochars from co-pyrolysis of plastics with sewage sludge

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图 4 生物炭中重金属的残余率

Figure 4 Relative ratios of heavy metals in different biochars

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图 5 污泥及生物炭中重金属的形态分布

Figure 5 Speciation of heavy metals in sludge and biochar

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表 1 实验材料的基本性质

Table 1 Basic properties of experimental materials

Sample	Proximate analysis^a w_a/%			Ultimate analysis w_a/%					Q_{b, a}/(kJ·g^-1)
Sample	V	A	FC	C	H	N	S	O^b	Q_{b, a}/(kJ·g^-1)
SS	29.97	68.29	1.74	15.79	3.13	1.81	0.72	10.26	11.50
PE	99.72	0.23	0.05	83.99	13.89	0.03	1.30	0.56	45.90
PP	98.19	0.82	0.99	83.91	13.55	0.56	0.92	0.24	44.00
PS	99.15	0.77	0.08	91.05	7.12	0.02	0.85	0.19	45.90
PVC	98.15	1.31	0.54	38.90	5.67	0.01	0.78	53.33	18.80
^a: dry basis; ^b: by difference

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表 2 BCR顺序提取步骤^[25]

Table 2 Procedure of BCR sequential extraction^[25]

Fraction	Extraction steps
F1 exchangeable fraction	0.5 g of dry sample is mixed with 20 mL of 0.11 mol/L acetic acid by shaking for 16 h (25 ℃)
F2 reducible fraction	the dry residue of F1 is mixed with 20 mL of 0.5 mol/L hydroxylamine hydrochloride by shaking for 16 h (25 ℃)
F3 oxidizable fraction	the dry residue of F2 is mixed 5 mL 30% hydrogen peroxide for 1 h at room temperature and then another 5 mL of hydrogen peroxide is added after digestion for 1 h at 85 ℃; when the solution is evaporated to be near dried the residue is mixed with 25 mL of 1 mol/L ammonium acetate by shaking for 16 h (25 ℃)
F4 residual fraction	0.1g dry residue of F3 is digested in an acid mixture (HNO₃-HClO₄-HF/HNO₃-H₂O₂) by graphite digester

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表 3 潜在生态风险评价指标^[4]

Table 3 Indices of potential ecological risk assessment^[4]

Er	I_R	Potential ecological risk
Er≤40	I_R≤150	low
40＜Er≤80	150＜I_R≤300	moderate
80＜Er≤160	300＜I_R≤600	considerate
160＜Er≤320	I_R＞600	high
Er＞320		very high

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表 4 污泥及生物炭中重金属的浸出量

Table 4 Leaching concentrations of heavy metals in sludge and biochars

Sample	Concentration c/(mg·L^-1)
Sample	Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Pb
SS	0.57±0.01	5.08±1.03	39.50±5.00	4.15±0.01	44.76±8.82	0.07±0.01	0.16±0.01	0.01±0.00
SSC	0.04±0.00	2.80±0.86	0.62±0.01	6.43±0.09	16.88±3.22	0.05±0.00	0.01±0.00	0.01±0.00
SSC_PE	0.13±0.00	3.60±0.55	1.30±0.00	34.73±9.09	86.48±9.38	0.03±0.00	0.05±0.01	0.00±0.00
SSC_PP	0.05±0.00	3.45±0.25	1.40±0.05	35.79±1.34	91.79±7.09	0.02±0.00	0.06±0.02	0.00±0.00
SSC_PS	0.03±0.00	4.95±0.28	0.75±0.09	3.54±0.51	19.35±1.29	0.05±0.01	0.01±0.00	0.00±0.00
SSC_PVC	0.02±0.00	9.51±1.25	2.40±0.07	98.23±10.12	74.40±5.54	0.01±0.00	0.04±0.01	0.02±0.01
Limits value^[42]^*	15	-	5	100	100	5	1	5
^*: from 《dentification standards for hazardous wastes-Identification for extraction toxicity》(GB5085.3—2007)

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表 5 污泥及生物炭中重金属的潜在生态风险系数与指数

Table 5 Potential ecological risk factors and indices of heavy metals in sludge and biochar

Sample	Er								I_R	Potential ecological risk
Sample	Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Pb	I_R	Potential ecological risk
SS	51.88	3.57	67.05	40.00	3.93	4.51	131.82	0.08	302.84	considerate
SSC	2.22	3.57	39.40	24.75	6.60	5.53	25.68	0.09	107.86	low
SSC_PE	1.04	3.52	38.86	17.69	4.72	6.36	8.99	0.09	81.27	low
SSC_PP	1.37	3.06	43.85	19.19	4.91	4.05	16.18	0.10	92.73	low
SSC_PS	4.77	3.90	56.34	26.41	5.87	3.27	4.61	0.10	105.27	low
SSC_PVC	0.00	4.46	24.41	28.81	5.59	2.21	5.61	0.40	71.48	low

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