制备方法对煤焦油模型化合物裂解催化剂Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>结构及性能的影响

翟建荣; 张艳敏; 莫文龙; 李显; 钟梅; 马凤云

制备方法对煤焦油模型化合物裂解催化剂Ni/Al₂O₃结构及性能的影响

翟建荣¹,
张艳敏¹,
莫文龙¹,
李显^{1, 2},
钟梅^1, ,,
马凤云^1, ,

1.
新疆大学化学化工学院, 煤炭清洁转化与化工过程自治区重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.
华中科技大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题 2016D03009

国家自然科学基金 21606187

国家重点研发计划 2016YFF0102602

新疆维吾尔自治区科技人才培养 QN2016BS0152

详细信息

中图分类号: O643.32
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-05
- 修回日期: 2018-07-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-10

Effect of preparation method on the structure and properties of coal tar model compound cracking catalyst Ni/Al₂O₃

ZHAI Jian-rong¹,
ZHANG Yan-min¹,
MO Wen-long¹,
LI Xian^{1, 2},
ZHONG Mei^{1
, ,},
MA Feng-yun^{1
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process(Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Funds:

the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2016D03009

National Natural Science Foundation of China 21606187

National Key Research and Development Program 2016YFF0102602

Youth Science and technology innovation personnel training project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region QN2016BS0152

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHONG Mei, E-mail:zhongmei0504@126.com; MA Feng-yun, E-mail:ma_fy@126.com

摘要

摘要: 采用等体积浸渍法、浸渍沉淀法和机械化学法（市售载体和自制载体）制备了Cat-1、Cat-2、Cat-3和Cat-4四种催化剂，通过BET、H₂-TPR、XRD、XPS和NH₃-TPD等表征催化剂的结构特征，考察了各催化剂对煤焦油模型化合物甲苯和芘（3%，质量分数）裂解反应性能的影响。结果表明，四种催化剂均为介孔材料，且Cat-4的介孔有序度更高，比表面积最大，达235 m²/g。Cat-4催化剂中，NiAl₂O₄尖晶石的还原峰面积最高，占总面积的85.2%，还原后Ni的分散度最大，粒径最小，约为10.0 nm，意味着活性位点多。实验表明，除Cat-1外，其他催化剂对芘的裂解活性基本相当，其中，Cat-4作用下的析碳量最低，为10.84%，经Cat-1、Cat-2和Cat-3裂解后，体系中的析碳量分别较Cat-4增加了35.0%、74.7%和45.7%。可见，机械化学法制备的催化剂不仅具有最高的比表面积利于活性组分分散，而且NiAl₂O₄尖晶石含量最高，可抑制裂解过程中积炭的生成，因而最适宜于甲苯+芘裂解体系。
- 制备方法 /
- Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂 /
- 模型化合物 /
- 裂解性能
Abstract: Cat-1, Cat-2, Cat-3 and Cat-4 catalysts were synthesized via different preparation methods that are incipient wetness, impregnation-precipitation and mechanochemical method (carriers from market and homemade for comparison), and then characterized by BET, H₂-TPR, XRD, XPS and NH₃-TPD. The cracking behavior of toluene and pyrene (3%, mass fraction) (coal tar model compounds) were investigated to evaluate the catalytic performance of the stated catalysts. The catalyst characterization showed that the pore size of all the catalysts belonged to mesoporous range, and Cat-4 catalyst exhibited higher ordered mesoporous and larger surface area than others, up to 235 m²/g. Besides, the peak area of NiAl₂O₄ spinel reached up to the highest value of 85.2%. The dispersion of Ni in the reduced Cat-4 was the highest and its particle size was the lowest value, about 10.0 nm. Which means that there are more active sites. The catalytic performance results showed that the cracking rate of pyrene varied little for other catalysts, except for Cat-1, but the lowest carbon deposition of 10.84% was obtained under the action of Cat-4, while the carbon deposition of Cat-1, Cat-2 and Cat-3 increased by 35.0%, 74.7% and 45.7% respectively compared with that of Cat-4. Thus, Cat-4 prepared by mechanochemical method is more suitable for the cracking of toluene and pyrene system because of highest BET surface area, which is favorable for the dispersion of active component, and at the same time, the highest content of NiAl₂O₄ can inhibit the formation of carbon.
- preparation method /
- Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst /
- model compound /
- cracking performance

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图 1 催化剂评价装置示意图

1: N₂ cylinder; 2: flowmeter; 3: pump; 4: sample bulb; 5: thermocouple; 6: vaporizer; 7: pyrolyzer; 8: product sorage tank; 9: wet type flowmeter; 10: drying tower; 11: reservoir bag; 12: gas chromatograph; 13: cold hydrazine

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the catalytic evaluation device

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图 2 试样的N₂吸附-脱附和孔径分布曲线

Figure 2 Profiles of N₂ adsorption-desorption (a) and (b) pore size distributions of different catalysts

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图 3 催化剂结构示意图

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the catalyst structure

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图 4 催化剂的H₂-TPR谱图

Figure 4 H₂ -TPR profiles of the catalysts

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图 5 焙烧后(a)及还原后(b)催化剂的XRD谱图

Figure 5 XRD patterns of the calcinated (a) and reduced (b) catalysts

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图 6 催化剂的XPS谱图

Figure 6 XPS spectra of the catalysts

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图 7 催化剂的NH₃-TPD谱图

Figure 7 NH₃-TPD profiles of the catalysts

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图 8 催化剂的NH₃-TPD高斯拟合分析

Figure 8 Gaussian fitting analysis of NH₃-TPD profiles of the catalysts

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图 9 甲苯和芘裂解的液体产物GC-MS谱图

Figure 9 GC-MS results of liquid products from the pyrene and toluene cracking

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图 10 反应后催化剂的XRD谱图

◇：Al₂O₃; ◆：Ni; △：C

Figure 10 XRD patterns of the spent catalysts

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图 11 评价实验后催化剂的TG和DTG曲线

Figure 11 TG and DTG profiles of the catalysts after evaluation experiment

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图 12 评价实验后催化剂的Raman谱图

Figure 12 Raman spectra of the catalysts after evaluation experiment

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表 1 催化剂的EDX表征

Table 1 EDX results of the catalysts

Catalyst	Ni w /%		Loading ratio/%
Catalyst	experimental value	theoretical value	Loading ratio/%
Cat-1	14.66	15.00	97.73
Cat-2	14.57		97.13
Cat-3	14.35		95.67
Cat-4	14.32		95.47

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表 2 催化剂的孔结构特征

Table 2 Pore characteristics of the catalysts

Catalyst	A_BET /(m²·g^-1)	d /nm	v /(cm³·g^-1)
Cat-1	123	11.41	0.32
Cat-2	123	10.78	0.33
Cat-3	107	10.83	0.29
Cat-4	235	8.20	0.48

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表 3 不同Ni物种的分散度和还原峰面积比例

Table 3 Dispersion of different Ni species and the proportion of reduction peak area

Catalyst	t_m /℃		Fraction of total area /%		Ni metal area /(m ²·g ^-1)	Dispersion /%	Ni metal particle size d/nm
Catalyst	β	γ	β	γ	Ni metal area /(m ²·g ^-1)	Dispersion /%	Ni metal particle size d/nm
Cat-1	702	895	25.7	74.3	1.6	1.6	18.8
Cat-2	700	891	28.3	71.7	4.1	4.2	15.2
Cat-3	776	886	26.5	73.5	4.0	4.2	14.8
Cat-4	737	859	14.8	85.2	4.4	4.6	10.0

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表 4 催化剂对模型化合物催化裂解产率的影响

Table 4 Catalytic cracking yield of the model compounds over the catalysts

Catalyst	Model compound	Liquid yield/%	Gasyield/%	Yield of carbondeposition/%	Cracking yieldof pyrene/%	Pyrene production rate/(mg·g ^-1)
Cat-1	toluene	83.83	1.56	14.60	-	0.11
	toluene + pyrene	83.81	1.56	14.63	62.14	-
Cat-2	toluene	78.35	2.78	18.87	-	0.00
	toluene + pyrene	78.27	2.79	18.94	66.30	-
Cat-3	toluene	82.11	2.13	15.76	-	0.32
	toluene + pyrene	82.06	2.15	15.79	66.41	-
Cat-4	toluene	86.67	2.51	10.82	-	0.93
	toluene + pyrene	86.51	2.65	10.84	66.98	-

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表 5 裂解反应液体产物GC-MS谱图的定性分析

Table 5 Qualitative analysis of GC-MS spectrum of liquid product from the cracking reaction

Peak	Name	Structure	Peak	Name	Structure
1	toluene		8	m-methylbiphenyl
2	p-xylene		9	2, 2′-dimethylbiphenyl
3	o-xylene		10	3, 3′-dimethylbiphenyl
4	m-xylene		11	cis-stilbene
5	naphthalene		12	phenanthrene
6	2-ethenylnaphthalene1		13	pyrene
7	diphenylmethane

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表 6 试样表面积炭的Raman特性

Table 6 Raman property of carbon deposition on the catalysts after evaluation experiment

Catalyst	Average carbon formation rate /(mg_c ·g_cat^-1·min^-1)	Relative intensity ratio of D and G bands on Raman apectra (I_D/ I_G)
Cat-1	0.0197	1.237
Cat-2	0.0231	1.098
Cat-3	0.0214	1.199
Cat-4	0.0132	0.970

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制备方法对煤焦油模型化合物裂解催化剂Ni/Al₂O₃结构及性能的影响

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Effect of preparation method on the structure and properties of coal tar model compound cracking catalyst Ni/Al₂O₃

Corresponding author: ZHONG Mei, E-mail:zhongmei0504@126.com; MA Feng-yun, E-mail:ma_fy@126.com

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制备方法对煤焦油模型化合物裂解催化剂Ni/Al2O3结构及性能的影响

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Effect of preparation method on the structure and properties of coal tar model compound cracking catalyst Ni/Al2O3

Corresponding author: ZHONG Mei, E-mail:zhongmei0504@126.com; MA Feng-yun, E-mail:ma_fy@126.com

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2023年《燃料化学学报（中英文）》评优结果公布！

制备方法对煤焦油模型化合物裂解催化剂Ni/Al₂O₃结构及性能的影响

Effect of preparation method on the structure and properties of coal tar model compound cracking catalyst Ni/Al₂O₃