Effect of vermiculite on the slagging characteristics of high sodium and high calcium Zhundong coal
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摘要: 采用一维沉降炉，辅以灰熔点仪的实验方法，将蛭石与高钠高钙准东煤掺混燃烧，研究其对高钠高钙准东煤结渣特性的影响。结果表明，随着蛭石掺烧量的提高，灰熔点温度呈现先降低后升高的趋势，当掺烧量为6%时灰熔点温度最低；蛭石掺烧量越高，高钠高钙准东煤结渣情况改善越明显，当掺烧量达到4%时，渣样变得疏松多孔，质地变脆，渣样与沉积探针之间的黏附性较弱，极易通过吹灰除去，建议蛭石掺烧量为4%；煤灰中原始矿物质以石英、钙铝黄长石或钙黄长石以及辉石类的低熔点矿物质为主，掺烧蛭石后，含钠的绿辉石矿物质被转化为韭闪石，含铁的斜辉石、赤铁矿等矿物质被转化为铁橄榄石，渣样中的矿物质均以高熔点的镁橄榄石为主；蛭石具有固钠的作用，取样温度越低，蛭石掺混量越高，其固钠效果越明显。Abstract: The effect of vermiculite on the slagging characteristics of high-sodium and high-calcium Zhundong coal was studied by a drop-tube furnace and with ash fusion tester. The results show that with the increase of the amount of vermiculite blended, the ash melting point temperature first decreases and then increases. When the ratio of blending is 6%, the ash fusion point temperature is the lowest. The higher the blending ratio is, the more obvious the improvement of the slagging condition of Zhundong coal is. When the ratio of blending is 4%, the slag sample becomes loose and porous, the texture turns to be brittle, and the adhesion between the slag sample and the deposition probe is weak, being easy to be removed by soot blowing. It is recommended that the amount of vermiculite blended should be 4%. The original mineral in coal ash is mainly composed of quartz, gehlenite and low fusion point minerals of pyroxene. After blending vermiculite, the omphacite, sodium-containing minerals, is converted into pargasite, and the iron-bearing minerals such as augite and hematite are converted into forsterite ferroan, and the minerals in the slag sample are mainly forsterite, which has a high fusion point. Sodium can be captured by vermiculite. With the sampling temperature decreasing and the vermiculite blending ratio increasing, the effect of sodium capture becomes more and more obvious.
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图 2 天池能源煤掺混不同比例蛭石的灰熔点变化
Figure 2 AFTs change of coal with different addition ratios of vermiculite
图 3 天池能源煤掺烧蛭石渣样外观形貌照片
Figure 3 Appearance pictures of slag
sampling temperature: 1100 ℃, (a): raw coal; (b): 1% vermiculite; (c): 2% vermiculite; (d): 4% vermiculite; (e): 6% vermiculite
图 4 纯蛭石1100 ℃时的微观形貌照片
Figure 4 SEM pictures of vermiculite at 1100 ℃
(a): 50×; (b) : 800×, 1 area in Figure 4(a)
图 5 天池能源煤掺烧蛭石1100℃时渣样的微观形貌照片
Figure 5 SEM images of slag samples
(a): 1%vermiculite; (b): 2%vermiculite; (c): 4%vermiculite; (d): 6%vermiculite
图 6 1100 ℃的纯蛭石XRD谱图
Figure 6 XRD patterns of vermiculite at 1100 ℃
1: Mg2SiO4(Forsterite); 2: SiO2(Quartz); 3: Ca(Mg, Si)(Si, Al)2O6(Diopside)
图 7 天池能源煤掺烧不同比例蛭石的XRD谱图
Figure 7 XRD patterns of slag with different additional ratios of vermiculite
(a): raw coal; (b): 1%vermiculite; (c): 2%vermiculite; (d): 4%vermiculite; (e): 6%vermiculite 1: SiO2(Quartz or Silicon Sulfate); 2: Ca2Al2SiO7(Gehlenite); 3: Fe2O3(Hematite); 4: CaSO4(Anhydrite or Calcium Sulfate); 5: CaO(Lime); 6: Mg2SiO4(Forsterite)or Mg1.8Fe0.2SiO4(Forsterite ferroan); 7: (Na, Ca)(Al, Mg)Si2O6(Omphacite); 8: NaCa2Mg4Al(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2(Pargasite); 9: Ca2(Mg0.75Al0.25)(Si1.75Al0.25O7)(Akermanite); 10: Al2O3(Aluminum Oxide); 11: Ca(Mg, Fe, Al)(SiAl)2O6(Augite); 12: CaMgSi2O6(Diopside); 13: Ca2Fe1.052Al0.665Mg0.133Si0.133O5(Brownmillerite); 14: Ca(Al2Si2O)(Anorthite)
图 8 钠含量随温度及蛭石添加量的变化
Figure 8 Diagram of sodium contents with the changes of temperature and vermiculite addition
— ■ —: 2% vermiculite addition; — ● —: 4% vermiculite addition; — ▲ —: 6% vermiculite addition; --▼--: 4% vermiculite addition reference value; --◆--: 6% vermiculite addition reference value
表 1 天池能源煤的元素分析与工业分析
Table 1 Proximate analysis and ultimate analyses of raw coal
Ultimate analysis w/% Proximate analysis w/% C H O N S Ad Vd FCd Mar 67.50 4.00 20.69 0.70 0.57 6.54 35.75 57.71 24.05 
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表 2 煤灰与蛭石的成分分析
Table 2 Composition analysis of coal ash and vermiculite
Experiment sample Composition w/% CaO MgO Na2O K2O Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 SO3 TiO2 Cl others Coal ash 24.20 8.39 5.36 0.62 5.05 13.50 15.70 21.30 0.84 1.97 3.07 Vermiculite 3.67 22.80 1.50 7.66 5.85 13.40 39.90 1.16 1.56 0.23 2.27
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表 3 沉降炉运行参数
Table 3 Operation parameters of drop-tube furnace
Items Dimension Numerical value Furnace temperature ℃ 1300 Feeding rate (g·min-1) 1.2 Primary air (m3·h-1) 0.15 Secondary air (m3·h-1) 0.9 Excess air ratio - 1.2 Outlet oxygen - 0.05
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