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纤维素热解转化的研究进展

李承宇 张军 袁浩然 王树荣 陈勇

李承宇, 张军, 袁浩然, 王树荣, 陈勇. 纤维素热解转化的研究进展[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2021, 49(12): 1733-1751. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60134-2
引用本文: 李承宇, 张军, 袁浩然, 王树荣, 陈勇. 纤维素热解转化的研究进展[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文), 2021, 49(12): 1733-1751. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60134-2
LI Cheng-yu, ZHANG Jun, YUAN Hao-ran, WANG Shu-rong, CHEN Yong. Advance on the pyrolytic transformation of cellulose[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2021, 49(12): 1733-1751. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60134-2
Citation: LI Cheng-yu, ZHANG Jun, YUAN Hao-ran, WANG Shu-rong, CHEN Yong. Advance on the pyrolytic transformation of cellulose[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2021, 49(12): 1733-1751. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60134-2

纤维素热解转化的研究进展

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5813(21)60134-2
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51976222),南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0101),能源清洁利用国家重点实验室开放基金(ZJU-CEU2020023)资助
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    E-mail:yuanhr@ms.giec.ac.cn

  • #共同第一作者
  • 中图分类号: TQ352

Advance on the pyrolytic transformation of cellulose

Funds: The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51976222), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0101), State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization (Open Fund Project ZJU-CEU2020023)
  • 摘要: 纤维素的热解技术是一种非常有应用前景的高值转化技术。本综述系统地介绍了纤维素的基础特性,深入讨论了纤维素热解机制、研究方法、催化剂类型及其他影响纤维素热解产物分布的因素。其中,不同类型催化剂的添加和反应装置结构的设计优化可以显著提高纤维素热解转化效率,改善产物种类分布和提高特定高值化学品的选择性,从而有效地提高纤维素热解产物的资源、能源化利用价值。最后,对纤维素热解未来技术研究的发展方向进行了展望。
    1)  #共同第一作者
  • FIG. 1140.  FIG. 1140.

    FIG. 1140.  FIG. 1140.

    图  1  纤维素热解制备各种高值化学品

    Figure  1  Various high-value chemicals from cellulose pyrolysis

    图  2  纤维素的晶体结构(虚线代表氢键)

    Figure  2  Crystal structure of cellulose (dotted lines represent hydrogen bonds)

    图  3  纤维素Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的结构模型[30]

    Figure  3  Molecular models of cellulose allomorphs[30]

    (with permission from ACS Publications)

    图  4  生物质转化的主要机制途径(温度从左到右逐渐升高)

    Figure  4  Main mechanism of biomass pyrolysis

    图  5  较低温度(150−300 ℃)纤维素的结构变化

    Figure  5  Structural changes of cellulose at lower pyrolysis temperatures (150−300 °C)

    图  6  纤维素热解形成主要挥发性产物左旋葡聚糖和糠醛的机理

    Figure  6  Mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis for producing volatile products (LG and FF)

    图  7  苯环取代基团转化生成CH4、CO、H2和焦炭

    Figure  7  Conversion of substituent group from benzene ring to CH4, CO, H2 and char

    图  8  纤维素颗粒热解过程剖面示意图

    Figure  8  Schematic cross-section for the pyrolysis of cellulose granules

    图  9  纤维素催化热解反应路径示意图

    Figure  9  Reaction pathways for the catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose

    图  10  HZSM-5催化纤维素热解反应途径示意图

    Figure  10  Reaction pathway for cellulose pyrolysis over HZSM-5

    表  1  四种不同动力学方法计算出的纤维素热解表观活化能[76]

    Table  1  Ea of cellulose pyrolysis calculated by different kinetic methods[76]

    αEkissinger/(kJ·mol−1)EFWO/(kJ·mol−1)EKAS/(kJ·mol−1)Estarink/(kJ·mol−1)
    0.1165180.81180.82181.09
    0.2165172.22171.43171.72
    0.3165161.95160.54160.80
    0.4165159.95158.79158.61
    0.5165158.06156.13156.41
    0.6165155.35153.31153.63
    0.7165159.88157.96158.34
    Average165164.03162.71162.94
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同类型的无机盐离子催化剂对纤维素热解产物分布的影响[87, 96]

    Table  2  Effect of different types of inorganic salt ion catalysts on the distribution of cellulose pyrolysis products[87, 96]

    CatalystTemperature t/℃Yield w/%
    chargastarcompounds
    Blank5005.357.0779.6LG 59%
    1.0%NaCl5009.7723.4561.55LG 16%
    1.0%KCl50018.3728.7251.97LG 12%
    1.0%MgCl250013.6633.6563.59LG 21%
    1.0%CaCl250012.6740.1249.15LG 18%
    1.0%Ca(OH)2500LG 30%
    1.0%Ca(NO3)2500LG 23%
    1.0%CaCO3500LG 41%
    1.0%CaHPO4500LG 38%
    Blank60013.245.741.1
    0.26 mmol/g Fe(NO3)360016.951.631.5
    0.26 mmol/g Ni(NO3)260015.250.734.1
    8.3 mg/g Fe2(SO4)3500LG 3.2%, LGO 40.7%
    95.6 mg/g Fe2(SO4)3500LG 44.8%, LGO 1.7%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同类型的金属氧化物对纤维素热解产物分布的影响[1, 105]

    Table  3  Effects of various metal oxide catalysts on the product distribution for cellulose pyrolysis[1, 105]

    CatalystTemperature t/℃Yield w/%
    chargastarcompounds
    SiO250022.8918.3558.76aromatics 0.1%, CO 6.5%,
    heavy oil 11.7%
    SiO2-Al2O350029.6225.0345.39aromatics 0.7%, CO 10.5%,
    heavy oil 8.0%
    Al2O350033.8528.2337.39aromatics 10.8%, CO 11.1%,
    heavy oil 0.0
    MgO50027.5028.3044.23aromatics 0.6%, CO 9.6%,
    heavy oil 13.5%
    NiO50024.8427.7347.46aromatics 0.1%, CO 8.9%,
    heavy oil 9.8%
    TiO250024.7118.1057.19aromatics 0.0, CO 7.0%,
    heavy oil 11.3%
    ZrO250023.5220.3256.11aromatics 0.9%, CO 7.5%,
    heavy oil 13.1%
    TiO2-ZrO250028.1729.6142.22aromatics 7.3%, CO 10.1%,
    heavy oil 18.3%
    Blank500LG 10.5%, LGO 3.7%
    Nano Al2O3500LG 9.1%, LGO 7.7%
    Nano MgO500LG 11.0%, LGO 2.2%
    Nano SiO2500LG 2.8%, LGO 0.2%
    Nano TiSiO4500LG 7.0%, LGO 11.0%
    Nano TiO2-Al2O3500LG 2.3%, LGO 19.0%
    TiO2-Al2O3500LG 10.5%, LGO 3.13%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同类型的沸石分子筛催化剂对纤维素热解产物分布的影响[121, 122, 125]

    Table  4  Effect of different types of zeolite catalysts on the distribution of cellulose pyrolysis products[121, 122, 125]

    CatalystTemperature t/℃Yield w/%
    chargastarcompounds
    Blank450241957furans 9.2%, hydrocarbons 12%, acids 4.5%,
    aromatics 1.94%,
    aldehydes 5.43%, ketones 2.48%
    H-ZSM-5450232057furans 2.2%, hydrocarbons 29%, acids 0.5%
    Mg-ZSM-5450202159furans 2.4%, hydrocarbons 29%, acids 0.8%
    Ni-ZSM-5450251857furans 2.5%, hydrocarbons 35%, acids 0.4%
    Cu-ZSM-5450271756furans 2.6%, hydrocarbons 31%, acids 0.4%
    Ga-ZSM-5450221959furans 2.4%, hydrocarbons 34%, acids 0.6%
    Sn-ZSM-5450242056furans 2.7%, hydrocarbons 33%, acids 0.4%
    Hierarchical H-ZSM-5450222157aromatics 8.97%, aldehydes 0.22%,
    ketones 2.48%
    Hierarchical Mg-ZSM-5450211960aromatics 6.92%, aldehydes 0.27%,
    ketones 3.02%
    Hierarchical Ni-ZSM-5450212059aromatics 7.65%, aldehydes 0.26%,
    ketones 2.63%
    Hierarchical Cu-ZSM-5450182260aromatics 7.00%, aldehydes 0.39%,
    ketones 2.73%
    Hierarchical Sn-ZSM-5450242056aromatics 7.98%, aldehydes 0.29%,
    ketones 2.36%
    Blank550202852monocyclic aromatics 1.46%,
    polycyclic aromatics 1.22%
    H-ZSM-5550243145monocyclic aromatics 13.84%,
    polycyclic aromatics 15.10%
    Fe-ZSM-5550253441monocyclic aromatics 17.25%,
    polycyclic aromatics 22.36%
    Zr-ZSM-5550243343monocyclic aromatics 23.96%,
    polycyclic aromatics 17.84%
    Co-ZSM-5550263638monocyclic aromatics 10.62%,
    polycyclic aromatics 11.67%
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-06-02
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