Preparation of Fe/C/Mullite-based ceramsite composite absorbing materials by recycling solid waste coal gangue
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摘要: 采用煤矸石与铝矾土作原料制备莫来石（Mullite）基陶粒；以陶粒为载体、硝酸铁为Fe源、葡萄糖为C源，借助液相合成技术结合氩气气氛中900 ℃焙烧制备Fe/C/Mullite-基陶粒复合型吸波材料。研究发现，在该颗粒状复合材料中，具有一定石墨化程度的C以层状覆盖于陶粒表面，Fe微粒较为均匀地嵌在C层的网格内。Fe微粒与石墨化C层引起的电导极化以及各组元间接触引起的界面极化均会产生明显的介电损耗，赋予材料优良的微波吸收性能。当初始溶液中硝酸铁浓度为0.1 mol/L时，样品FeCM-0.1在14.6 GHz频率处的反射损耗达到最低值−13.9 dB，有效带宽为3.6 GHz（对应的测试涂层厚度为2 mm）。Abstract: Mullite-based ceramsite was prepared from coal gangue and bauxite. With ceramsite, ferric nitrite and glucose as raw materials, Fe/C/Mullite-based ceramics composite material was prepared by wet chemical synthesis technology combined with calcination at 900 ℃ in argon atmosphere. In the composite materials, C with a certain degree of graphitization covered the surface of the ceramsite, and Fe particles were uniformly dispersed in the grid of C layer. Due to the dielectric loss caused by the conductive polarization derived from the Fe particles and graphite, as well as the interfacial polarization derived from the interface between loading substance and matrix, the material showed enhanced absorption performance. When the ferric nitrite concentration in the initial solution was 0.1 mol/L, the sample FeCM-0.1 exhibited the best absorbing properties. The minimum reflection loss value of −13.9 dB was obtained at 14.6 GHz with a matching thickness of only 2.0 mm and the corresponding effective bandwidth was 3.6 GHz. This study provides a new way for the production of low-cost microwave absorbing materials and the resource utilization of solid waste coal gangue.
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Key words:
- coal gangue /
- ceramsite /
- Fe /
- carbon /
- microwave absorption
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图 1 陶粒与样品FeCM-X的XRD衍射谱图(a)，样品FeCM-X的拉曼散射光谱谱图(b)
Figure 1 XRD patterns of the ceramsite and the FeCM-X composites (a), Raman spectra of the FeCM-X composites (b)
图 2 煤矸石陶粒 (a)、水热焦炭/Fe2O3/陶粒 (b)、样品FeCM-0.1 (c)与(d)的SEM照片
Figure 2 SEM images of the ceramsite (a), hydro-char/Fe2O3/creamsite (b), FeCM-0.1 composite (c) and (d)
图 3 样品FeCM-0.1的元素分布图
Figure 3 Elemental mapping images of the FeCM-0.1 composite
(a): Si; (b): Al; (c): O; (d): C; (e): Fe
图 5 样品FeCM-0.1在室温下的磁滞回线
Figure 5 Hysteresis loop of the FeCM-0.1 sample at room temperature
图 6 样品在2.0-18.0 GHz的微波反射损耗曲线
Figure 6 The reflection loss curves of the samples
(a): ceramsite; (b): FeCM-0.04; (c): FeCM-0.1; (d): FeCM-0.2
图 7 煤矸石陶粒与样品FeCM-X的复介电常数(a)，复磁导率(b)，Cole-Cole曲线(c)与(d)
Figure 7 Frequency dependences of complex permittivity (a), permeability (b), Cole-Cole curves (c) and (d) for the ceramsite and the FeCM-X samples
图 8 煤矸石陶粒与样品FeCM-X的衰减常数(a)与损耗因子(b)的频率依赖性
Figure 8 Frequency dependences of the attenuation constant (a) and loss tangent (b) of the ceramsite and the FeCM-X composite
表 1 煤矸石与铝矾土原料的化学组成
Table 1 Chemical composition of the raw materials
Raw material Content w/% Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO loss on ignition Coal gangue 27.4 30.7 8.1 2.7 0.3 30.8 Bauxite 62.3 12.4 5.0 2.8 0.5 17.0 
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表 2 文献报道的Fe负载型复合材料的微波吸收性能
Table 2 Microwave absorbing properties of the Fe-based composites in recent literatures
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