Promoting effects of ZrO2 modification on Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for dibenzofuran hydrodeoxygenation
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摘要: 以二苯并呋喃为煤焦油中含氧组分的模型化合物,在280 ℃、氢气压力6.5 MPa条件下于反应釜中考察了Ni/Zr-SBA-15催化剂的加氢脱氧性能,分析了ZrO2改性对Ni/SBA-15催化剂结构特性与反应活性的影响。结果表明,ZrO2的添加会增强活性金属Ni与载体间相互作用,促进Ni颗粒的分散,同时会在催化剂中引入氧空位,氧空位与活性金属Ni的协同作用可以促进含氧中间产物的转化,提高目标产物联环己烷的收率。但过量ZrO2(30%)的添加会降低催化剂的比表面积、孔容,不利于Ni颗粒分散,不利于反应的进行。研究发现,当ZrO2添加量为10%时,二苯并呋喃反应速率最高,为9.21 mmol/(min·g);当ZrO2添加量为20%时联环己烷生成速率最高,为3.74 mmol/(min·g);两者均高于未改性的Ni/SBA-15催化剂。Abstract: The performance of the ZrO2 modified Ni/SBA-15 catalysts was investigated for the hydrodeoxygenation of dibenzofuran as a coal tar model compound in an autoclave at 280 ℃ and a hydrogen pressure of 6.5 MPa. The effects of ZrO2 modification on the structural characteristics and reaction activity of Ni/Zr-SBA-15 catalysts were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of ZrO2 increased the interaction between the active metal Ni and the SBA-15 support, promoted the dispersion of Ni particles, and introduced oxygen vacancies in the catalysts. As a result, the conversion of oxygen-containing intermediates was enhanced, and thereby the yield of the target product bicyclohexane was improved. However, the addition of excessive ZrO2 (30%) could reduce the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts and cover Ni surface, which was not conducive to the reaction. The study found that the highest dibenzofuran conversion rate of 9.21 mmol/(min·g) and the highest bicyclohexane formation rate of 3.74 mmol/(min·g) were achieved when the addition amount of ZrO2 were 10% and 20%, respectively. Both values were much higher than those on the unmodified Ni/SBA-15 catalyst.
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Key words:
- dibenzofuran /
- hydrodeoxygenation /
- Ni/SBA-15 /
- ZrO2 modification /
- oxygen vacancies
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表 1 催化剂的化学性质
Table 1 Chemical properties of catalysts
Sample Crystallite
size/nm aH2 consumption
amount/(μmol·g−1) bNi dispersion/% c O2 consumption
amount/(μmol·g−1) dZrO2 − 13.1 − − Ni/SBA-15 9.7 15.9 3.0 206.7 Ni/2.5Zr-SBA-15 8.2 29.3 7.7 210.9 Ni/5Zr-SBA-15 8.0 30.0 9.6 222.4 Ni/10Zr-SBA-15 7.5 31.4 13.4 236.2 Ni/20Zr-SBA-15 7.3 33.2 16.8 260.2 Ni/30Zr-SBA-15 6.7 34.4 17.0 286.7 Ni/ZrO2 6.8 43.5 6.6 288.1 a: calculated from the (111) reflections using the Scherrer equation; b: H2 consumption amount in H2-TPR; c: determined by H2-TPD;
d: determined by O2-Pulse chemisorption表 2 催化剂的物理吸附性质
Table 2 Physical adsorption properties of catalysts
Sample Surface
areaa/(m2·g−1)Pore volumeb/
(cm3·g−1)Most probable
pore sizec/nmSBA-15 498.8 1.41 7.8 Ni/SBA-15 493.6 1.11 7.8 Ni2.5Zr/SBA-15 464.2 1.08 7.8 Ni5Zr/SBA-15 450.2 0.96 7.8 Ni10Zr/SBA-15 414.9 0.94 7.8 Ni20Zr/SBA-15 390.6 0.89 7.8 Ni30Zr/SBA-15 360.0 0.77 7.8 Ni/ZrO2 46.9 0.13 − a: calculated in the range of relative pressure (p/p0) = 0.05−0.30; b: total pore volume measured at p/p0 = 0.99; c: calculated from the desorption branch with BJH method 表 3 催化剂的酸量
Table 3 The acid amount of catalysts
Catalyst Lewis acid amount/(μmol·g−1) Proportion of medium strong acid in total acid 150 ℃ 300 ℃ Ni/SBA-15 8.2 3.8 0.46 Ni/2.5Zr-SBA-15 43.1 20.1 0.46 Ni/5Zr-SBA-15 60.1 26.7 0.44 Ni/10Zr-SBA-15 84.5 30.5 0.36 Ni/20Zr-SBA-15 71.9 18.5 0.25 Ni/30Zr-SBA-15 68.3 14.2 0.20 Ni/ZrO2 52.8 21.4 0.40 -
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