Recent advance in directing synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons from syngas via Fischer-Tropsch route
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摘要: 芳烃作为重要的工业基础化学品，可通过合成气直接或间接法转化制备。与间接转化法相比较，合成气直接制芳烃路线（STA）具有原料转化率高、流程短、产品易分离等优点。本研究主要综述了合成气经费托路线直接制芳烃的研究进展，重点分析了金属氧化物耦合分子筛双功能催化剂中费托活性组分与助剂的选择、分子筛酸性调变、孔道结构调控等对催化反应性能的影响；归纳了反应温度、压力、空速、氢碳比等反应参数对反应性能的影响规律，并基于STA反应机理和失活机理等方面概述探讨如何提高活性和稳定性；总结归纳了合成气经费托路线制芳烃面临的主要问题以及今后研究的方向。Abstract: Aromatics, as the important industrial basic chemicals, can be prepared by direct or indirect conversion of syngas. Compared with the indirect conversion method, the direct syngas to aromatics route (STA) has the advantages of high feedstock conversion, short process, and easy product separation. In this paper, we mainly introduce the progress of research on the direct syngas to aromatics by Fischer-Tropsch route, and focus on the effects of the metal oxide coupled molecular sieve bifunctional catalysts on the catalytic reaction performance, such as the selection of Fischer-Tropsch active components and additives, molecular sieve acidity modulation and pore structure regulation; Then we summarize the influence of reaction temperature, pressure, air velocity, hydrogen to carbon ratio and other parameters on the reaction performance. At last, based on the mechanisms of STA reaction and catalyst deactivation, the method for improving the activity and stability of STA catalysts is discussed.
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Key words:
- syngas /
- aromatic /
- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis /
- direct transformation /
- bi-functional catalyst
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表 1 不同催化剂上合成气经费托路线一步法制芳烃反应条件和性能
Table 1 Reaction conditions and performance of aromatics by one-step synthesis gas method on different catalysts
Catalyst Reaction conditions xCO
/%saromatic
/%Ref. temperature
/℃pressure
/MPaGHSV
/h−1H2/CO Na-FeMnCo/HZSM-5 350 4 1500 1.5 98.0 55.0a [25] Na-FeMn/nano-HZSM-5 350 4 1800 2 95.0 53.0a [22] Fe/MnO-ZnZSM-5 270 1 1600 2 98.1 53.1a [46] FeK + HZSM-5 300 2 40000 2 76 18a [38] Fe/Ni-HZSM-5 330 4 1813 2 99.2 48.0b [19] K-FeMnO/MoNi-ZSM-5 370 4 1395 2 97.6 34.1a [39] K/FeZrZn20-Ni/ZSM-5 340 4 2000 2 97.2 32.1a [40] Fe/HZSM-5 300 1 2264 2 85.0 30.0a [50] Fe/HZSM-5 300 2 25 mL/min 1 57.0 70b [51] Fe/HZSM-5 320 2 4000 1 50.0 63b [24] FeNiOx(5:1)-0.41Na/HZSM-5 320 1 1800 1 46.3 99.4b [27] Na-Zn-Fe5C2-HZSM-5 340 2 10000 mL/(g·h) 2.5 85 51b [13] K/Zn-FeZr/Ni/HZS-5 340 4 2000 2 96.81 39.48a [40] Mo/HZSM-5 350 3 6000 1.32 64.4 97.6b [33] Na-Fe-Zro2/HZSM-5 280 3 2400 mL/(g·h) 10 94 22a [23] FeNaMg-NiHZSM-5 370 4 1800 2 96.19 51.38b [42] Fe3O4@MnO2-Hollow ZSM-5 320 4 50 mL/min − 70 73.5b [48] CoMnAl-HZSM-5 270 1 3000 mL/(g·h) 0.5 34.9 55.5a [30] a: selectivity of aromatics in hydrocarbon products; b: selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons in C5 + 
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表 2 合成气直接制芳烃反应的主要方程式
Table 2 Main equations of direct aromatics production from syngas
Reaction name Number of the reaction equation Serial number Total reaction $\left(n + 6\right){\rm{CO} } + \left(2n + 9\right){ {\rm{H} } }_{2}\to { {\rm{C} } }_{n + 6}{ {\rm{H} } }_{2n + 6} + \left(n + 6\right){ {\rm{H} } }_{2}{\rm{O}}\left(n > 0\right)$ （1） Water vapor transformation reaction ${\rm{CO}} + {{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}\to {\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}}_{2} + {{\rm{H}}}_{2}$ （2） Disproportionation $2{\rm{CO}}\to {\rm{C }}+ {\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}}_{2}$ （3） Methanation ${\rm{CO}} + 3{{\rm{H}}}_{2}\to {\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}}_{4} + {{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}$ （4） Ethane reaction $2{\rm{CO}} + 6{{\rm{H}}}_{2}\to {{\rm{C}}}_{2}{{\rm{H}}}_{8} + 2{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}$ （5） Ethylene reaction $2{\rm{CO}} + 4{{\rm{H}}}_{2}\to {{\rm{C}}}_{2}{{\rm{H}}}_{4} + 2{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}$ （6）
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