Synthesis of γ-valerolactone through coupling of methyl levulinate hydrogenation with aqueous phase reforming of methanol over Pt/Co_xAl catalyst

The synthesis of high-value γ-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass-derived methyl levulinate (ML) conventionally requires a high-pressure hydrogenation process, which incurs significant costs and safety concerns. This study proposes an innovative approach to produce GVL by integrating ML hydrogenation with aqueous phase reforming of methanol (APRM) using Pt/Co_xAl catalysts, thereby eliminating the need for an external hydrogen source. The influence of catalyst composition, methanol concentration, and reaction temperature on catalytic performance has been carefully examined. The results suggest that Pt/Co₁Al demonstrated exceptional activity, yielding up to 98.2% GVL, and maintaining stable performance over multiple cycles. Characterization results revealed that Pt⁰ facilitates both APRM and ML hydrogenation, while Brønsted acid sites catalyze the hydrolysis of ML and lactonization of intermediates. The synergy between Pt⁰ and Brønsted acid sites is essential for GVL formation. The appropriate amount of Co not only enhances Pt dispersion but also increases Brønsted acid sites, thereby boosting catalytic efficiency. This work offers a sustainable and economically feasible strategy for transforming biomass derivatives into valuable fuels and chemicals.