Advances in heterogeneous catalytic C−H bond carbonylation of alkynes with CO₂

The carboxylation of C−H bond of terminal alkyne with CO₂ to propargylic acid compounds conforms to the concept of green chemistry, which plays an important role in the field of organic and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. Under the background of "Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", this reaction is also an effective way to realize the high value utilization of CO₂. At present, this reaction system is mainly carried out through homogeneous catalysis. However, due to the advantages of heterogeneous catalysis system such as easy separation and recovery, heterogeneous catalytic C−H bond carbonylation of alkynes with CO₂ has also gradually attracted attention. Based on the activation mechanism of C−H bond and CO₂, relevant research has been carried out over coin metal catalysts. Through the synergistic effect of coin metal and carrier, the coupling of C−C bond is promoted to achieve the synthesis of propargylic acid compounds. In this paper, the heterogeneous catalytic C−H bond carbonylation of alkynes with CO₂ is systematically reviewed. The activation of the system, the mechanism of carboxylation reaction, and the structural characteristics of the catalyst are analyzed and summarized, which provides a research idea for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalyst for carboxylation and related processes.