Research progress of the typical ironmaking processes with the direct participation of biomass and the related formation mechanism of pollutants

The application of renewable and clean resources to replace fossil resources such as coal and coke in ironmaking is one of the most important ways for iron and steel companies to achieve "carbon neutrality" and "carbon peaking". Biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry wastes have received a lot of attention in ironmaking because of their low cost and availability, low temperature reducibility and carbon neutrality. In this work, the reaction mechanism, gaseous products and pollutant release characteristics are analyzed in a more systematic way, focusing on the two main thermal utilization methods of biomass, namely pyrolysis and combustion. Subsequently, the process overview, process analysis and pollutant generation mechanism are discussed in detail, by taking blast furnace blowing biomass fuel and biomass reductant for direct reduction ironmaking as representatives. Finally, an economic analysis of the above typical processes based on the utilization of biomass in ironmaking is carried out, as well as an outlook of emission reduction strategies, with a view to providing valuable references for alleviating the contradiction between fossil energy supply and demand, reducing emissions from ironmaking and even the transformation and upgrading of iron and steel industry.