Research progress on electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction over carbon-based single-atom catalysts

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction, ECR) can realize the storage and utilization of renewable energy and convert CO₂ into high-value chemicals. It is an important way of energy utilization under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", with significant economic and environmental benefits. High efficiency catalyst is the core of ECR process. Single-atom catalysts are ideal for ECR because of the theoretical 100% utilization of active components. Carbon materials have the advantages of high surface area and excellent conductivity, which is quite suitable for electrocatalysis. Herein, by classifying according to the different interaction between the single atomic active center and the carbon support, we reviewed the preparation, structure, properties and action mechanism of single-atom catalysts supported on representative carbon materials in the past decade. We hope it would provide inspirations and ideas for the future investigations.