Abstract: The catalytic conversion of syngas to value-added hydrocarbons is an important strategy for the clean utilization of biomass and coal resources. Zeolites as supports and/or catalytic components are commonly used for C–C formation/cleavage in the syngas conversion, owing to their unique microporous structure, accurately tunable active sites, and molecular shape-selectivity. Herein, we have surveyed the research progress of direct conversion of syngas to hydrocarbons by using metal-loaded zeolites, bifunctional oxide-zeolite (OX-ZEO), and core-shell structured catalysts, focusing mainly on the influence of zeolite structure and acidity on the reaction mechanism as well as the product distribution for syngas conversion. In addition, an outlook is given on the perspective of zeolite synthesis and catalysis in the direct conversion of syngas.