Abstract: Medium temperature coal tar pitch (ZCTP) was separated by Soxhlet extraction using toluene-pyridine and n-heptane-tetrahydrofuran as solvents to obtain the group components. Then, their composition and structure were analyzed. The results show that, in comparison with ZCTP, toluene-insoluble pyridine soluble (TI-PS) and n-heptane-insoluble tetrahydrofuran soluble (HI-THFS) are more thermally stable, exhibiting a decrease weight loss of 41.51% and 28.85% and an increase residual carbon rate of 56.95% and 47.63%, respectively. In addition, the C=C contents of TI-PS and HI-THFS are 6.69% and 3.26% higher than that of ZTCP, reaching 75.57% and 73.14%, and the pyridine nitrogen contents of TI-PS and HI-THFS increase about 16 and 8 percentage points. Both TI-PS and HI-THFS were used to prepare mesophase pitch. It is found that M-HI-THFS is mainly consisted of small and medium area type with some fine mosaic structure and low optical anisotropy content. While M-TI-PS has about 80% optical anisotropy content and displays a wide range of optical weave. However, it is difficult for ZCTP to form a stable regional optical fabric structure, just exhibiting a mosaic optical fabric.