李鹏阳, 王改荣, 牛佳星, 王小艾, 韩星, 张彩东, 田志强, 李兰杰. 逆水煤气变换反应机理及催化剂研究进展[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文). DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2024.JFCT.0004
引用本文: 李鹏阳, 王改荣, 牛佳星, 王小艾, 韩星, 张彩东, 田志强, 李兰杰. 逆水煤气变换反应机理及催化剂研究进展[J]. 燃料化学学报(中英文). DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2024.JFCT.0004
LI Pengyang, WANG Gairong, NIU Jiaxing, WANG Xiaoai, HAN Xing, ZHANG Caidong, TIAN Zhiqiang, LI Lanjie. Research progress on mechanism and catalysts for reverse water-gas shift reaction[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology. DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2024.JFCT.0004
Citation: LI Pengyang, WANG Gairong, NIU Jiaxing, WANG Xiaoai, HAN Xing, ZHANG Caidong, TIAN Zhiqiang, LI Lanjie. Research progress on mechanism and catalysts for reverse water-gas shift reaction[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology. DOI: 10.3724/2097-213X.2024.JFCT.0004

逆水煤气变换反应机理及催化剂研究进展

Research progress on mechanism and catalysts for reverse water-gas shift reaction

  • 摘要: 逆水煤气变换(RWGS)反应是降低碳排放和实现碳资源利用的有效途径。CO2经逆水煤气变换反应转化为CO,并通过费托工艺制得烯烃化产品和醇类燃料,对于改善环境以及改变未来能源结构具有重大意义。本工作总结了RWGS反应机理,依据CO2转化为CO路径中H2是否直接参还原反应,分为氧化还原机理和缔合机理,其中,缔合机理包括甲酸盐、羧酸盐以及碳酸盐三种路径,并介绍了近年来关于RWGS反应机理研究的最新发现;其次综述了RWGS反应中的CO2和H2共进料热催化转化催化剂体系和化学循环催化剂体系的研究进展,分析讨论了Pt、Ni、Cu等金属基催化剂和金属碳化物、磷化物催化材料的RWGS反应性能,以及钙钛矿型储氧材料(OSM)在化学循环反应中的应用。最后,针对目前存在的问题和未来可能的解决方案进行了讨论与展望,以期为后续RWGS催化材料的研究提供一定的借鉴。

     

    Abstract: CO2 emissions rapidly growth have lead to the deterioration of the global environment, which seriously endangers the human living environment, effective measures must be taken to curb the continuous growth of CO2 emissions. Reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction is an effective way to reduce carbon emission and realize carbon resource utilization. CO2 can be converted into CO via reverse water-gas shift reaction, followed by Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce olefin chemicals and alcohol fuels, which have a great significance for improving the environment and changing the future energy structure. In this review, the RWGS reaction mechanisms were summarized firstly, maining introducing the research progress of RWGS reaction mechanism latest findings in recent years, according to whether H2 is directly involved in the reduction reaction in the path of CO2 converted into CO, the redox mechanism and associative mechanism are divided, the associative mechanism including formate, carboxylate and carbonate pathways. The RWGS reaction mechanisms are highly dependent on catalyst properties, different metal active sites and carriers can provide different mechanisms for RWGS, such as controlling the metal particle size can change CO2 hydrogenation pathway and optimize product selectivity, the increase of catalyst surface alkalinity can promote the transition from redox mechanism to association mechanism, and the reaction mechanism of carbon vacancy and sulfur vacancy as active sites, etc. Then, the research progress of catalysts for thermocatalytic conversion via CO2 with H2 co-feeding and chemical looping in RWGS were reviewed. The RWGS reaction performance of metal-based catalysts such as Pt, Ni, Cu, ect and metal carbide and phosphide materials were discussed, as well as the application of perovskite oxygen storage materials (OSM) in chemical looping reaction. At present, the research of RWGS catalysts mainly focuses on the improvement of catalytic performance, the activity, selectivity and stability of catalysts can be optimized by controlling the metal particle size and optimizing dispersibility, adding modifiers or alkaline accelerators, producing synergistic effects through metal alloying, increasing the oxygen vacancy on the carrier and improving the preparation method, etc. As the donor and acceptor of oxygen vacancy in RWGS-CL reaction, perovskite OSM avoid thermodynamic and kinetic constraints and eliminates the possibility of CO2 methanation as a side reaction. Finally, the key research directions in reaction mechanism and catalyst of RWGS reaction are further anticipated. Based on the difference and diversity of RWGS reaction mechanism, the optimal pathway of RWGS reaction on different catalysts, the formation and transformation of key reaction intermediates, and the relationship between active sites and key reaction intermediates should be studied by combining various simulation calculation and characterization methods in the future, so as to provide theoretical guidance for catalyst design. The catalyst of RWGS have not yet been commercially applied, so catalysts with high efficiency and stable performance are still the focus of RWGS reaction research in the future. And, the development of new technologies addressing the shortcomings of thermocatalytic pathway is also very important, such as insitu dewatering can be achieved through membranes, which reducing the thermodynamic equilibrium restriction. This review aims to provide some references for the subsequent research of RWGS catalytic materials.

     

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