Abstract: The recycled oil from coal liquefaction was separated into three fractions (saturates, aromatics and polar fraction) by liquid chromatograph according to group composition. Each fraction was analyzed qualitatively by 1HNMR spectra, then the aromatic fraction was characterized using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GCMS). It shows that liquid chromatograph is well used to separate coal liquefaction oil with high repeatability and high recovery yield. Aromatic fraction with carbon number from C10 to C21 mainly includes dicyclic, tricyclicand tetracyclichydrogenation aromatic compounds such as tetrahydronaphthalene, hydrophenanthrene, hydropyrene and their alkyl substitution compounds and so on.