Abstract: Biomass energy is recognized as a zero carbon renewable energy source, and the efficient utilization of biomass has become the key to address the energy and environmental crises. It is of great important for China to achieve the goals of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality”. The co-catalytic pyrolysis technology (co-CFP) of biomass and waste plastics can not only produce the value-added hydrocarbon-rich liquid fuels, but achieve the goal of “treating waste with waste” as well, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization of biomass and waste plastics. From the perspective of high value utilization of biomass and waste plastics, this work reviewed the research progress of the co-CFP of biomass and waste plastics to produce hydrocarbon-rich liquid fuels. First, the basic chemical characteristics of cellulose biomass and waste plastics were introduced. The influence of the catalytic pyrolysis temperature, the types of waste plastics, the types of catalyst, the mass ratio of feedstock-to- catalyst on the yield and quality of bio-oil during the co-CFP of biomass and waste plastics was systematically discussed. The synergistic reaction mechanism between biomass and waste plastics was elucidated. Finally, the work forecasted the future development direction of the co-CFP of biomass and waste plastics, and provided reference and ideas for the high value-added utilization of biomass and waste plastics.