Abstract: The microstructure characteristic and the major elements analysis of the fly ash from the municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) was conducted by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX). The results show that the shape of fly ash particles is various. Most particles are irregular, some are baculiform and very few particles are spherical and flocculent. It is found that the spherical particles contain little heavy metal, but there are a number of heavy metals on the surface of irregular and flocculent particles. On the surface and in the inner of the fly ash particles, the major elements are Si, Ca and Al as well as heavy metals such as lead and copper. At some micro-areas/points the weight percentage of lead and copper reaches 16.22% and 14.48%, relatively.