Abstract: The micron-sized plant fiber filaments were used as templates to obtain cylindrical macropores during the gamma alumina support preparation. The support was then used to prepare the NiMo/alunima diesel hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The prepared catalyst and alumina support were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, Ruman and TEM. The characterization results showed that the plant fiber filaments in the catalyst constructed some straight holes, the NiMo active components on the catalyst support were highly dispersed and the active phase MoS₂ stacked layers were mainly concentrated in 3-5 layers and the average length of MoS₂ bars was 4.49 nm. The influence of plant fiber filament content on the performance of diesel hydrodesulfurization catalyst was studied and compared with conventional catalysts. The high-pressure micro-reverse evaluation results show that the developed NiMo diesel hydrotreating catalyst containing 3% (mass ratio) plant fiber filament has 5%-15% higher activity than the conventional NiMo catalyst.