炭载金属催化剂在生物质焦油重整中的研究进展

Recent progress of tar reforming over char supported metal catalyst

  • 摘要: 焦油沉积是限制该生物质热解/气化技术大规模应用的重要阻碍之一。催化焦油重整是众多焦油脱除技术中效率最高、前景最广的技术之一,而开发高活性和稳定性的催化剂是该技术发展的重要研究方向。炭载金属催化剂由于制备简单、成本低、易回收活性金属等优势受到广泛关注。本工作从催化剂的来源和制备出发,综述了其在焦油模型化合物水蒸气重整中的应用,集中分析了高分散金属在低温下焦油裂解/重整中表现出高活性和稳定性的优势;此外,还讨论了炭载金属催化剂在生物质焦油中的应用,与传统焦油重整催化剂进行对比,并总结性阐述相应的催化反应机理。综述表明,炭载体有利于活性金属的高度分散,对催化剂温和条件下高效催化焦油重整具有促进作用;对于废催化剂,可以通过燃烧法回收能量和金属氧化物,具有一定的应用优势和前景。然而,深刻揭示焦油重整机制和进一步提高该类催化剂的稳定性是未来该领域重要研究方向。

     

    Abstract: Tar deposition is one of the obstructions which limits the large scale use of biomass gasification. Catalytic reforming is the most available and efficient technology for which the investigation of a high and stable catalyst is of great significance. Great attention has been paid to the char supported metal catalysts for their simple preparation, low cost and easy recovery of active metals. In this work, based on the origin and preparation of char-supported metal catalysts, we firstly reviewed its performance for the steam reforming of tar model compound, especially for the high activity and stability of highly-dispersed metal under low temperature. Additionally, we also reviewed biomass tar reforming over the char supported metal catalyst, compared their performance with traditionally tar reforming catalysts, and summarized the relevant catalytic reaction mechanism. It can be concluded that the catalysts have good application advantages and prospects. At first, char supports are favor to disperse active metal sites, thus the prepared nano catalysts are active for tar reforming into H2-rich syngas at mild conditions. Furthermore, energy and metal oxides can be obtained by burning spent catalysts. However, more researches are necessary to deeply reveal the mechanism for tar reforming and improve the stability of char supported metal catalysts.

     

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